Monday, April 13, 2020
25 Descriptive Essay Topics for College Students - secret of writing a successful essay help
In a descriptive essay, a writer is required to describe something such as a person, a thing, a place, a situation, a life experience or even emotion and feeling. The writer should describe how he feels about the topic of discussion, how it looks, how it sounds or how it tastes. Those who are writing descriptive essays should have excellent creative writing skills which enable them to make their essays interesting or else these may become dull and boring. This is one of the major factors behind success of a company providing essay writing service in UK. The secret of writing a successful description essay depends upon the selection of right topic. If you prefer to choose a generic topic, just do it without the fear of putting extra efforts. There are different types of essays but among all descriptive essays are considered to be the simplest one because it is about more of personal experiences and there is no need to have an in-depth research which allows the writer to save a lot of time and he doesnââ¬â¢t get stuck in technicality. A descriptive essay provides writers a wonderful opportunity to express their creative writing skills especially when they are allowed to choose the topic that interests them most. Below we are giving descriptive essay topics list to help people choose the best topic. The list includes the topics ranging from simple to complex: People Descriptive Essay Writing Topics Describe about your father or mother i.e. he or she is the most ideal person for you Give a description of an actor that impressed you most in your personal life Write something about your childhood friend who you miss the most Imagine someone who you have never met but makes you feel like your soul mate Tell your readers how your life was saved by a dog who later became your best friend Place Descriptive Essay Topics Describe your most favorite place in the world is and why you like it most Your bedroom ââ¬â the place where you spent your childhood, grew up and became a teenager Describe your favorite park in your hometown where you love to spend most of your free time Create a world of your imagination ââ¬â how would that be? Describe your high school that played a big role in reshaping your life Object Descriptive Essay Topics Your dadââ¬â¢s typewriter is the most special thing for you Sometimes you just feel like your bicycle is the most important thing in your life A toy from your childhood that you lost but never forgot Describe collection of your books that is nothing less than a treasure for you Describe how a tiny object makes a real difference in your life Memories ââ¬â Descriptive Essay Topics Describe how your spent your last summer vacation and why you think it was the best summer of your life ever. Describe the most tragic incident happened in your family few years back and how it makes you people sad even after years Describe the most beautiful days of your life that you spent in your hometown Describe the first day of your college that how you are fooled by the seniors Describe a day that you spent with a famous TV start à Incidents ââ¬â Descriptive Essay Topics Describe a frightening but funny incident happened when you were trying to catch the train Describe a scary night that you had to spend alone at your home while your family was away Describe how you happened to meet an old childhood friend in a completely unexpected place Describe how you get lost in a new city while travelling with your family Describe your visit to the largest hospital of your city at the time emergency
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Department of Homeland Security essays
Department of Homeland Security essays America home of the free, brave and protecting our land. We have evolved our lands, culture and diversity. Starting, July 4, 1776,with our Independence. The American Revolution War was the war we wanted our people to have control of our freedom, not another nation ruling over us. Protecting our land, of what we have created. In 1775, Revolutionaries seized control of each of the thirteen colonial governments, establish the Second Continental Congress, and generated a Continental Army. The beginning of homeland security as we know it today. Over the years, there were no threats to the American people from the period of the American Revolution, until in the 1900s. Yes, there were battles and wars, but in gaining more grounds and access to our new country. Thus, showing our national security, starting with the Continental Army, as we know today, The U.S. Army; have been successful in protecting our nation and helped shape our nation. In 1915, there were seven air strikes to London, UK, by the Germans. A new threat to the world and to our nation was presented. The United Sates government, saw this potential threat, and realized we need to be stronger, for our nation is not protected in such ways. August 29, 1916, the Council of National Defense was created under the Army Appropriation Act. The Council was a presidential advisory board that included the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce and Labor...Its responsibilities included coordinating resources and industries for the national defense and stim ulating the civilian morale. This was during the time of WWI; where allies were defending each other in declaring war after one another. Many more reasons are to be noted of causes and effects. A year later, after the CND was created, America went into war, and CND went hard at work. They were asked to apply their specialized knowledge in mobilizing the military, governmental, commercial, ...
Monday, February 24, 2020
Rich media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Rich media - Essay Example Upon acknowledging all forms, it conducts a rational appraisal of both good and bad aspects of the presentation. Shir (2005) agree that aspectual analysis suggest mechanisms through which users can avoid experience with negative aspects while reaping optimal benefits from good characteristics in acknowledging facts about cigarettes. Evaluation employed original responses elicited from the experience of target individuals. These individuals serves as the most appropriate population for ensuring both verbal and non-verbal responses from the use of flash presentation in learning positive and negative effects of cigarette consumption in the society. Sampled individuals who participated in the aspectual analysis were all my friends listed below. i. Ahmed. ii. Alex. iii. Nick. Spatial aspect With respect to spatial aspect, evaluation takes into consideration elements of volume and mass space taken by the entire application. This cigarette application takes approximately 10MB on a computer hard disk memory or internet storage space. According to Sammons (2012), the application requires small to medium display screens to enhance its graphics and interactions. Alex was concerned with the memory size because he could not use a medium flash disk to transfer the application from one computer to another. On the other hand, Ahmed appreciated the fact that wider screens enhanced graphical clarity. He preferred to use a 30 inch flat screen TV to access the application. Nick acknowledges the fact that he could store the medium-sized application in his Gmail account and access it from any place with internet access. Kinematic Aspects Users of this application will be able to navigate through different parts in an easy and convenient manner. The main page contains animated options meant to facilitate interaction between the application and the user. Sammons (2012) assert that interactive animations allow users to move from one scene to another without starting over again. Alex sa ys that the animation saves time by allowing him to move directly to preferred scenes. Ahmed had a negative experience in the aspect of kinematics. The loading page allowed the next page to come up without any effect required. This lack of control in scene movement does not give Ahmed enough time to experience the loading page. On the other hand, Nick appreciates that shortcuts allows easier movement from one scene to another; hence allowing for customized manipulation of the application. Quantitative aspect The quantitative aspect of information contained in the application remains as the main challenge in accessing all materials. As acknowledged earlier, the system uses contents of different forms. According to Joao and Gomes (2010), factual information is presented in text form. On the other hand, visual effects employ the use of animations like the foot stepping on a packet of cigarette. Cumulatively, all scenes take substantial time to experience. Alex says that entire coverage could take an entire afternoon. This means a significant amount of time is spent on the application. According to Ahmed, the small quantity of text, animation and audio content of each scene facilitates convenience with respect to time. Nick had a negative experience on quantity because he could not complete the entire application without going for breaks. Physical aspect Granitzer (2011) say that visual and audio effects on the application elicit physical effects on users. In the loading
Saturday, February 8, 2020
Short Term Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Short Term Financing - Essay Example The intention of going for short term financing is essentially to raise funds for operational activities of the business, these essentially means that such kind of financing is required on a very sort-notice hence the high cost of servicing it in terms of interest. Short term operation money may be secured first, any encumbered physical assets of the business second, additional funds from shareholders, or personal guarantees fro principals. On occasion, inventories can be used as temporary security for operations loans. In essence short term borrowing should be used for working requirements for day to day operations of a business. Industries with seasonal peaks and troughs and those engaged in international trade will be heavy users of short term borrowing / Banks allow their customers for certain overdraft amount. They no longer need to work with a series of pr-signed drafts .They allow customers to withdrew more funds than what is the current account up to approved limits Some banks help their customers transform book debts into cash by advancing up to 80% of the credit term invoice value. To ease the company's workload further to banks collects the cash from creditors on behalf of a customer so that cash floe can be allowed, raise additional capital easily and quickly and save administrative time. Some businesses tend to confuse which source to go for but there must be a clearly idenfiable reason why a business has to source for funds before deciding on which source to go for. This can give a clear direction. There are no guarantees that the rule of determining the source of finance ca purely be followed, at some stage the firm may go for long funds when really they should have gone for short and vice versa. This can be influenced by the cost implications of going for one and not the other. If going for short term might cost the business a lot in terms of interest, then they may opt for long term. At one point, even the real consumer need also to be on he look out on which form of way o raise funds depending on what is the problem one wants to address. One can not go for a long term loan for a school fees for kids because this necessary need to take a lot of documentation to have it processed. The same considerations are equally to be viewed fro the same perspective whether consumer or business. Conclusion. There is no confusion at all between the sources which an establishment should adopt or an individual should go for. As long as one identifies the objective of the loan or finance, it is easily determinable on which one should be opted for. All the matters is the urgency with the funds are needed and the purpose for which the funds are needed. Bibliography: 1. P.A. Pandey: Financial management, 2nd edition, Central law agency,
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Land Question and Ethnicity in Darjeeling Hills Essay Example for Free
Land Question and Ethnicity in Darjeeling Hills Essay ABSTRACT Although economic factors are often considered as essential for augmenting ethnic movements, the analytic relationship between economic issues and ethnicity is far from being clear cut. In an attempt to address the problem of ethnicity in a non-Marxist theoretical plane, most of the studies on ethnic problems inadvertently indulge such logical inconsistencies. Such a critical reading led us to conceptualize ethnicity as a lived-in category ââ¬â much like the concepts of class or caste ââ¬â where both the material and cultural domain of routine life congregates. With the help of a case study of the Gorkhaland movement in the Darjeeling Hills (India) and the input of a particular field of material predisposition ââ¬â namely, the issues related with land and agrarian social formation, this paper attempts to argue that ethnic movements are a dynamic podium wherein the encoded meanings of material and/or economic issues/grievances are decoded in cultural idioms. Even if the discussions on ethnicity have an inbuilt tendency to develop a theoretical plane that criticizes Marxian class analysis and demands an autonomous conceptual frame duly encouraged by post-Marxist and poststructuralist/postmodernist theoretical renditions, literatures on ethnicity for the most part have stressed economic factors, in some way or the other. Hence, finding available studies, which have made considerable advances in understanding the problem of Gorkha ethnicity, that have concentrated their focus on economic factors as the root cause of ethnic antagonism and conflict in the Darjeeling Hills (West Bengal, India) is common. ââ¬ËEconomic stagnationââ¬â¢ (Dasgupta 1988), ââ¬Ëuneven implementation of development policiesââ¬â¢ (Chakrabarty 1988), ââ¬Ëeconomic deprivation and negligenceââ¬â¢ (Bura Magar 1994; Lama 1988; McHenry Jr. 2007; Nanda 1987), ââ¬Ëpetty-bourgeoisie aggrandisements against the dominance of monopoly capitalists of the Centre and the Stateââ¬â¢ (Sarkar 1988), ââ¬Ëeconomic negligence, exploitation, and unavailability of white-collar jobsââ¬â¢ (Chadha 2005), ââ¬Ëgrowing unemployment and step motherly attitude of the state regarding the overall development of the hill areasââ¬â¢ (Timsina 1992), ââ¬Ëuneven developmentââ¬â¢ (Dasgupta 1999; Datta 1991), ââ¬Ëendemic poverty, underdevelopment, and the perception of being ââ¬Å"malgovernedâ⬠ââ¬â¢ (Ganguly 2005), are some such factors many scholars put as the root cause of the Gorkhaland movement in the Darjeeling Hills. However, none of these studies have made it abundantly clear how economic conditions ââ¬â the domain of the material ââ¬â are linked to the desires of ethnic separatism, which conceptually remained under the rubric of culture ââ¬â the non-material. Again, if the economic factors remarkably remained so significant, as the studies show, then why ultimately the cultural warpath (i.e., 81 ethnic conflict) and not an economic one (i.e., class conflict) appeared as a suitable remedial strategy? One obvious question arises thus: how the ââ¬Ëmaterialââ¬â¢ is transposed into ââ¬Ëculturalââ¬â¢? The present paper is an attempt to answer such questions by analyzing the case of the Gorkha ethnicity and movement as it emerged out of the peopleââ¬â¢s grievances experienced through their quotidian life processes cloaked in their relative positions within the structural inequality. In fact, ethnic identity much like the issues of class or caste is a lived-in category that emerges out of the perception of reality and receives constant reformulation, since the reality is itself dynamic. In our treatment ethnic identification ââ¬â much like all other identifications ââ¬â is overall rooted in the larger canvas of social experience, which determines the processes of framing contending relationships between and among groups based on their varying capacity of possessing the valued and scarce resources available in the society. Instead of pinpointing the causes of the movement, our analysis attempts to show that the assertion of Gorkha ethnic identity has had payoffs with respect to resource access and utilization and that the protracted struggle of the Gorkhas for separate statehood is that trajectory wherein both the cultural and material aspects of routine life coalesce. Sometimes this happens even without an immediate ethnic ââ¬Ëotherââ¬â¢. This is particularly the case, as the study shows, with the hill agrarian sector. It thus becomes imperative that the problem should be studied in a historical plane putting utmost emphasis on the social formation of the Darjeeling Hills, which would help us focus the pattern of resource distribution on an ethnic plane vis-à -vis the question of structural inequality. The importance of treating the issue of Gorkhaland movement as a historical phenomenon can hardly be ignored, especially when one finds that the Darjeeling Hills has experienced a century long historicity of protest ââ¬â sometimes accommodative, sometimes violent ââ¬â to achieve a separate politico-administrative arrangement for self rule. Moreover, the historical perspective is needed to show the fundamental changes that have taken place within the social formation of the region since the colonial days and had corresponding effects for furthering the cause of the movement in the post-colonial period. Therefore, a proper historical analysis of ethnicity can help us understand how the grievances of the masses were articulated and were translated into the courses of violent action, how new equations came up because of state intervention and how the overall dynamics of the movement kept on rolling, putting ethnicity at the center stage. SOCIAL FORMATION AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Indeed, there can never be a single cause of an ethnic movement that stretched over a century.1 However, our concern regarding the causes of Gorkhaland movement is not about degree but of kind, by which we mean that Gorkha ethnicity, or for that matter the Gorkhaland movement, is embedded in the social formation of the Darjeeling Hills. It is neither entirely the product of primordial sentiments nor even the result of elite manipulation, but had been the outcome of a dynamic social formation that reproduced its productive forces, relations of production, as well as the relations of subjugation and exploitation meted out by its incumbents. The onus of social formation in augmenting the cause of social movement has been stressed by most of the major theoretical paradigms in some form or the other. For example, functionalism, though lately emerging from its erstwhile position of bracketing social movements as pathological social behavior, became increasingly concerned with the analysis of social movement as a variety of (normal) collective action and showed the necessity of framing a general hypothesis on the social system while analyzing social movements as a collective phenomenon of some sort. Likewise, symbolic interactionism and resource mobilization theory, in their attempts to analyze social movement, put stress on the relational structures and on the complex processes of interaction mediated by certain networks of belonging, respectively. The Marxist tradition, perhaps, has given utmost emphasis on the necessity to view social movements in relation to structural arrangements available in the social formation. Each social formation is rooted in a particular structure of relationship and movement is not the cause but the outcome of the differentially arranged social order in which privileges and rewards are more in possession of some minority groups compared with the majority others. Even the post-Marxist or for that matter the New Social Movement (NSM) perspective in their zeal to study the identity-based movements as manifestations of post-material claims hardly denied the importance of social formation while understanding the so-called post-material claims of the NSMs. In outlining the principles for the analysis of collective action, Melucci (1996:24) ââ¬â a prominent figure of NSM school ââ¬â points out that the analytical field of the NSMs depends on the systems of relationships within which such action takes place and toward which it is directed. The recorded history of the Gorkhaland movement suggests that the first spurt of the movement can be marked out in the year 1907 when the hill people submitted a memorandum ââ¬â for the first time ââ¬â to the colonial government urging separation from the then Bengal and the need to formulate a separate administrative arrangement for the Darjeeling Hills. ALTHUSSER, SOCIAL FORMATION, AND THE DYNAMICS OF RURAL DARJEELING Taking a cue from the centrality of social formation in the study of social movement as analyzed above, an attempt has been made to focus on the social formation of the Darjeeling Hills2 and its contribution to the development of a protracted ethnic movement in the region. Our treatment of the concept of social formation is Althusserian in inspiration and is viewed as a complex whole composed of concrete economic, political and ideological relations that provide the pretext upon which the consolidation of selfhood of the individual or the group within a given social space becomes feasible. It is worth mentioning here instead of using such terms like ââ¬Ësocial systemââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ësocial orderââ¬â¢ or for that matter ââ¬Ësociety,ââ¬â¢ Althusser (1997) preferred the use of ââ¬Ësocial formationââ¬â¢. Since he believed while terms like ââ¬Ësocial systemââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësocial orderââ¬â¢ presupposes a structure that reduces the form of all its emanations, ââ¬Ësocietyââ¬â¢ as a concept is loaded with pre-Marxist humanist conception that treats social life as ultimately the product of individual human beings. Althusser has used the concept of social formation with some broader theoretical appeal. He problematized the so-called base-superstructure module by bringing together the notions of social system, order, and society closer to his postMarxist formulation of social formation. Social formation, for Althusser, is constituted of a complex of concrete economic, political, and ideological relations, bound together and given their particular character as capitalist, feudal or whatever by the fact that economic relations, is the ââ¬Ëdeterminant in the last instance.ââ¬â¢ Conceived in this manner the concept of social formation presupposes that under this model social reality is neither determined, nor to be explained by a single causal variable but always by the whole structure (a notion that he labels as ââ¬Ëoverdeterminationââ¬â¢), which remains amenable to the economic determinant only in the last instance. The uniqueness in Althusserââ¬â¢s concept of social formation lies in the fact that it problematizes the ââ¬Ëbase-superstructureââ¬â¢ relationship (that remains central, almost invariably, to the whole realm of post-Marxist scholarship) to that extreme of Darjeeling has been one of the prominent hill stations developed by the British i n colonial India.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Voting Rates of the American Poor :: Politics
In The Working Poor, David Shipler reports that in the 2000 presidential election only 38 percent of Americans with incomes less than $10,000 voted compared to 75 percent of those with incomes over $75,000. (278) These sorts of statistics are not limited to 2000. In the six elections from 1980 to 2000, the average voter turnout of people in the bottom fifth of the income quintiles was 53 percent, while the top fifth averaged over 80 percent (ââ¬Å"Election Resultsâ⬠). For the bottom fifth, the average household income was under $11,500 during each election year. The top fifth averaged an income close to $118,000 (DeNavas-Walt, et al.). The 2004 election was no different with 55 percent of the votes cast by people with incomes of $50,000 and up. That means over half of the votes cast were by a group that controls 70 percent of the nationââ¬â¢s wealth. In every election since 1964, when these statistics were first recorded, the South has had a lower voter turnout than the other three major regions. The South has also consistently had the highest poverty rate of the four regions. On average, there is a twenty-five to thirty percentage-point gap between the turnouts of the lowest and highest income quintiles in the United States (Cevrantes and Gluckman). Though it is clear the poor generally donââ¬â¢t vote, the reasons for this are not so clear. Education seems to be biggest factor. Less than 40 percent of citizens without a high school degree voted in the 2000 election, compared with an 80 percent turnout for those with an advanced degree. The percentages rise with more education. A connection to poverty can be drawn when considering that over 13 percent of workers without a high school degree are in poverty, compared with only about 1 percent of workers with a college degree. It should be noted these statistics concern only workers, and not the unemployed. As a United States census report noted, ââ¬Å"Those with a high school education or less were more likely than those with more education to respond that they were not interested in the election or felt their vote would not make a difference.â⬠Even more significant among the poor than the feeling that their vote will not make a difference is the feeling their vote may not be counted. Claims of voting irregularities, true or not, often keep the poor away from the polls. A large bloc of poor Americans disenfranchise themselves out of the fear of being disenfranchised. With a mindset that their vote will just be erased after leaving, the poor avoid Voting Rates of the American Poor :: Politics In The Working Poor, David Shipler reports that in the 2000 presidential election only 38 percent of Americans with incomes less than $10,000 voted compared to 75 percent of those with incomes over $75,000. (278) These sorts of statistics are not limited to 2000. In the six elections from 1980 to 2000, the average voter turnout of people in the bottom fifth of the income quintiles was 53 percent, while the top fifth averaged over 80 percent (ââ¬Å"Election Resultsâ⬠). For the bottom fifth, the average household income was under $11,500 during each election year. The top fifth averaged an income close to $118,000 (DeNavas-Walt, et al.). The 2004 election was no different with 55 percent of the votes cast by people with incomes of $50,000 and up. That means over half of the votes cast were by a group that controls 70 percent of the nationââ¬â¢s wealth. In every election since 1964, when these statistics were first recorded, the South has had a lower voter turnout than the other three major regions. The South has also consistently had the highest poverty rate of the four regions. On average, there is a twenty-five to thirty percentage-point gap between the turnouts of the lowest and highest income quintiles in the United States (Cevrantes and Gluckman). Though it is clear the poor generally donââ¬â¢t vote, the reasons for this are not so clear. Education seems to be biggest factor. Less than 40 percent of citizens without a high school degree voted in the 2000 election, compared with an 80 percent turnout for those with an advanced degree. The percentages rise with more education. A connection to poverty can be drawn when considering that over 13 percent of workers without a high school degree are in poverty, compared with only about 1 percent of workers with a college degree. It should be noted these statistics concern only workers, and not the unemployed. As a United States census report noted, ââ¬Å"Those with a high school education or less were more likely than those with more education to respond that they were not interested in the election or felt their vote would not make a difference.â⬠Even more significant among the poor than the feeling that their vote will not make a difference is the feeling their vote may not be counted. Claims of voting irregularities, true or not, often keep the poor away from the polls. A large bloc of poor Americans disenfranchise themselves out of the fear of being disenfranchised. With a mindset that their vote will just be erased after leaving, the poor avoid
Monday, January 13, 2020
Niccolo Machiavelli Essay
Niccolo Machiavelli was a political philosopher of the Renaissance. He lived from 1496-1527. Niccolo Machiavelli was also a very famous painter in his time. He painted many famous paintings that are seen in museums, books, and many other places. He was also involved in government throughout his life. Niccolo Machiavelli was a painter, political philosopher, Italian historian, an statesman for influenced many political leaders in Europe. Niccolo Machiavelli led a very political life. In 1494, Niccolo Machiavelli became an important diplomat. He spent most of his time over the years writing history, political philosophy, and plays. The Renaissance was a time of political conflict. Niccolo took part in diplomatic missions through France, Germany, and Italy. In later years, he was forced to retirement of the political business. Machiavelli was known as the ââ¬Å"father of modern political theoryâ⬠. Niccolo Machiavelli had many political writings. Many of Machiavelliââ¬â¢s writings reflected political issues. He wrote about the world around him and his life in the Renaissance. He witnessed many changes in the environment and wrote about them. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote one political treatise titled The Prince. The Prince was written during a time of tragedy in the Renaissance. Many things Machiavelli wrote about had to deal with politics and violence. The Prince was written in 1513. Although it was written then, it was published however until 1532 and Machiavelliââ¬â¢s death. The theme of this book is about preservation of authority and the establishment of it. Because of The Prince, Machiavelli is considered one of the greatest early modern analyzers of the political power. In 1498, Machiavelli served as a civil servant in Florence. Later in 1512, Machiavelli was imprisoned and the republic failed. Machiavelli had many jobs over his lifetime. He was the head of the second chancery in 1498. Niccolo was also the secretary of council and he studied political tactics. He also studied the strength of a nation with only one prince. In 1509, Machiavelli led a small army to free Pisa. Later in his life, for 5 years he worked as a historiographer. Niccolo Machiavelli had hard times in his life. He lost his place in politics and very much wanted it back. When he wrote The Prince, he wrote it to try and regain favoritism by Medici. In the end, Medici didnââ¬â¢t agree with what Machiavelli said in The Prince and ended up rejecting Machiavelliââ¬â¢s proposal to have that job back. Machiavelli also wrote a book titled ââ¬Å"Discourses On Livyâ⬠. The book was on Machiavelliââ¬â¢s full political philosophy. Niccolo also wrote a biography on the Life of Castruccio Castracani. He wrote many plays and also many poems. His most famous poem was The Mandrake. The Mandrake was written in 1524. Machiavelli also wrote the History of Florence in 1525. The History of Florence tells about chronicles of the city. Machiavelli also wrote the Art of the War in 1521. That book describes mercenary troops and their lives. Niccolo Machiavelli was a very productive leader. Over all of his tragedies that happened in his life, he still overcame all of it. He worked very hard producing plays that have become very famous over the years. He wrote The Prince, which is a very well populated piece today. Not only did Machiavelli produce plays but he also wrote poems and biographies for people. Many of his quotes that he resighted in The Prince are still remembered today and used greatly. He was also a very significant political leader and went very far in government.
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