Juvenile Justice Juvenile Crime - 1035 Words

Stephani Portillo Honors English 10b Branson,6 May 19,2017 Juvenile Justice As juvenile crime increases over the years due to gang activity, bullying, etc. many offenders are given a life sentence without parole. There isn t a clear boundary that marks at what age should they be treated as adults because the severity of their action always effects that. Should a 6-year-old be convicted with life in prison or should they let them go? Is a 16-year-old enough to be charged with murder like an adult would be? These are some things that cross people s mind when it comes to this subject. When the real simple question. Is it correct to give a juvenile offender life in prison? Juvenile Justice is laws that are used to determine the punishment†¦show more content†¦For instance, she states how society has allowed juveniles that are 18 â€Å"to vote because people believe that by that age they can think rationally and sensibly†. Indicating that if society lets them do things like drinking alcohol, driving, and voting, it is because they are mature. Chorus argues that if they choose not to do what s right they should be able to take the punishment. Advocates think juvenile offenders should get the life sentence without parole because if we don t arrest them now, they are going to think the crimes they are committing are fine and are going to keep doing them. In the article â€Å"Sentencing juveniles to life†, the author explains that if we don t capture the murderer now, they are going to keep killing. He claims â€Å"some people are simply too dangerous to be free† killers no matter what age should not be able to be free. As quoted in the article Bishop Jenkins states when they decided to kill a person the gave up their right to walk among us.† A person who may be a danger to others can t be out and free.It s better to contain something bad before it spreads even more(Jenkins). Sentencing them to life in prison without parole is for the best of the other citizens. Opponents agree that sentencing juvenile offenders to life in prison without parole are unfair and instead of helping it will make them worse. In the article â€Å"Sentencing Juveniles ToShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime And The Juvenile Justice System1278 Words   |  6 PagesBryn Conley November 7, 2014 Juvenile Crime and the Juvenile Justice System in North Carolina: Informative Speech Specific Purpose Statement To inform my audience about the seriousness of juvenile crime and the problems that North Carolina faces when dealing with underage offenders. Introduction I. According to the Annual Summary Report done by the North Carolina Department of Justice and the State Bureau of Investigation, in 2012, approximately 36,000 juveniles were arrested in the state of NorthRead MoreJuvenile Crime and Justice1126 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Juvenile Crime Justice Introduction Are crime rates for juveniles in the United States on the rise or are they falling? What kinds of crimes are juveniles typically arrested for? Are all the laws and policies with reference to juvenile justice seen as truly fair? Should a juvenile be locked up for life without the possibility of parole? What has the U.S. Supreme Court ruled as to locking juveniles up for life without the possibility of parole? These and other issues will be discussed inRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Justice System906 Words   |  4 Pagesmany are concerned about the high percentage of crimes that are committed, we tend to turn immediately to our youth thinking that if we somehow manage to keep youth under control we will deter crimes. As discuss in chapter 9 and the OJJPD reports, the juvenile justice system had determined that by waiving and transferring minors who commit crimes to criminal courts to be tried and punished like an adult, there would be a decrease on violent crimes. On the other hand, there are many intake alternativesRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And For Reducing Juvenile Crime Rates2187 Words   |  9 Pagesuniversally important. Examples include crime, economics, education, family, healthcare, homelessness, poverty, and many others. The United States is now the world leader in its rate of incarceration. Over the past 25 years, juvenile crime has skyrocketed, with drug crimes, gang violence, school shootings, and other violent acts being regularly featured in the news. During the past 10 years, nearly all 50 states have overhauled their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried asRead MoreJuvenile Crime : The Criminal Justice System1031 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1990s, violent juvenile crime rates had reached record high levels throughout the United States. During these years, many Americans considered the criminal justice system too easy on violent juvenile offenders and demanded reform. Many states, including Florida began to f ocus efforts on juvenile crime. â€Å"Florida’s criminal sentencing laws and punishment policies from 1980 to 2000 reflected an ongoing, focused effort to deter serious crimes† (Taylor). Crimes were given stricter sentencing guidelinesRead MoreJuvenile Justice System As A Form Of Crime Control882 Words   |  4 PagesSocial control has been a central concept in sociological discussions of law for the past century (Black, 1976), the juvenile justice system as a form of social control is no exception (Blomberg, 1977). Juvenile justice has a rich history in early British Law, but as a separate entity in the US, its history is relatively short but no less important. What began as a movement to separate youths from adults to shield them from contamination of incorrigibility (Fox, 1996), appears to have become anotherRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pages ©  ©  ©  © chapter 15 Juvenile Justice chapter 16 Drugs and Crime chapter 17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) Terrorism and narcoterrorism Occupational and whitecollar crime  ©  © A right to privacyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cycle Of Juvenile Justice1342 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CYCLE JUVENILE JUSTICE​ ​1 Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory Name School ​​ Professor Class Date Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory ​In the text, Thomas Bernard examines the cyclical nature of the juvenile justice system (Weisheit Culbertson, 2000, p. 13-31). The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreFuture of the Juvenile Justice System1280 Words   |  6 PagesFuture of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offersRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was established in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled differently by the Justic e System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from one

Factors Affecting The Stress Experienced By Tertiary...

1. In your own words, explain what your research question really means. I am aiming to decipher the factors that contribute to the stress experienced by tertiary students. There are multiple factors in society that are said to constrain the life of a student or make it more difficult, and I am interested to find out what these factors are and to what degree they cause stress in a student s life. 2. List the main keywords for your research question. Also find synonyms for each of the keywords. Adolescents, stress, students, pressure, expectations 3. Describe how did you find your literature, including which sources you used and what terms you used to find your literature. I used both Google Scholar and Scopus to find a total of 9 pieces of literature. I used the search terms tertiary, students, stress, expectations, and pressure in varying combinations and orders to find literature. 4. List your 8-12 readings in APA 6th referencing style. Bayram, N., Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry And Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 667-672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C., Rubenstein, V. (2010). What Stresses University Students: An Interview Investigation of the Demands of Tertiary Studies. Australian Journal Of Guidance And Counselling, 20(1), 41-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.20.1.41 Burns, R.Show MoreRelatedBetty Neum Nursing Theorist1587 Words   |  7 Pagesin 1970 while she was teaching community nursing at UCLA. â€Å"She was concerned about the development of a framework to explain the consultation role of nurses, one that could help students describe and explain their actions and the rationale for their actions† (Meleis, 2012, p. 305). She designed this model for students â€Å"to expand their understanding of client variables beyond the medical model† (Alligood, p. 282). 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EffectsRead MoreOffice Administration Thesis11471 Words   |  46 PagesFACTORS RELATED TO DROP OUTS AND PERFORMANCE OF CWTS STUDENTS AT LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SAN PABLO CITY CAMPUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010 - 2011 ------------------------------------------------- A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the College of Teacher Education Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus San Pablo City ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Of Fulfillment Of the RequirementsRead MoreScholastic Performance16086 Words   |  65 Pagesâ€Å"Factors Affecting the Scholastic Performance of HRM students and Their Implications for Career Opportunities† A Thesis Presented to the Institute of International Hospitality Management St. Anne College Lucena Inc. Lucena City In Partial Fulfillemnt of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management St. Anne College Lucena, Inc. Jessa Marie A. Abuyan Jalekah B. Accad Jayzel Allen M. Iglipa Jayson A. Lamug Mary grace B. Limbo EvangelineRead MoreObesity Among African Americans Essay2627 Words   |  11 PagesFried chicken, mash potatoes and collard greens mixed with fatback meat was my family’s favorite Sunday meal. Soul food, as it has been called, is valued by many African American families. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic that appears to be affecting most ethnic groups, there is an appreciation that the causes of obesity among African American families and others must lie in the fundamental aspects of the food supply (Capers, C et al. 2011). In my opinion, African Americans in the United Sates

The Role of Media in Perpetuating Unrealistic Female Body Images free essay sample

The Role of Media in Perpetuating Unrealistic Female Body Images Portrayals of high fashion models in print media has long created an unrealistic ideal body image for women and despite some recent campaigns (e. g. , Dove and Nike) to portray normal sized/shaped women, the fall-out from the idealized images has not been pretty (pun intended). Research has shown that females are frequently affected, negatively, by their inability to achieve and/or maintain the thinness that is the hallmark of the idealized female body type represented in print media. Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) point out that thinness is embedded in beauty ideals, but also in ideals of morality in that the good girl exhibits by maintaining her thinness that she is in control of her desires while projecting herself as the object of desire for others. Owen and Laurel-Seller (2000) discuss how heavier bodies, and larger framed bodies are not only viewed as unattractive and sexually unappealing, the owners of those bodies are often defined as lazy, lacking self-control, and lacking virtue and Griffin and Langlois (2006) found that attractiveness was perceived as being related to helpfulness, intelligence, and friendliness. What is interesting however, is how much the idealized body, presented in the media, relies on untruths. History of the Ideal Female Form Dereen and Beresin (2006) explained that standards of beauty for females have long been unrealistic and difficult to attain. They note that, historically, wealth has always allowed greater access to the beauty ideal and that pain was usually a component of achieving the ideal (e. g. , corsets, powders with arsenic and lead in it to whiten the skin, foot binding, surgical removal of ribs, etc. ). The pain of the modern woman is self-denial in order to achieve a thinness that is unhealthy. Hess-Biber (2007) deconstructs the trend toward thinness within feminist discourse, as a cultural reaction toward limiting womens space and as women have demanded more space by moving into the public sphere. She notes that movement out into the public space has resulted in more restrictive cultural norms that increasingly restrict their bodies. After the second world war, women returned to the home in significant numbers resulting in a definition of beauty that permitted larger bodies with soft curves and full figures as was evident in the 1950s, however as females began to make the move back into the public sphere, bodies began to shrink again, in a manner that was similar to the ultra-slender form of the post-suffrage movement, the boyishly thin flapper of the 1920s. Todays thin-ideal is even more slender, but then todays woman has much more than the vote. Ideal Female Form in the Media According to Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) the media is the loudest and most aggressive purveyors of images and narratives of ideal slender beauty (p. 2). Martin and Kennedy (1993) suggest that the perpetuation of damaging ideals of physical attractiveness may be unintended by-products, however they do insist that understanding the causes and consequences of advertising outcomes must be examined and addressed. Of course, feminist discourse, such as that described by Hess-Biber (2007) would argue that the damage is not unintentional at all. Magazines, television, film, the internet, social media, and advertising campaigns are all, in fact, complicit in perpetuating an ideal of extreme thinness as a primary component of feminine beauty. Furthermore, as women have taken up a good deal more of the public sphere, the restrictions upon their bodies have become even more stringent. Guillen and Barr (1994) noted that the models in their magazine study not onlyreflected the emphasis on thinness/ They also found that the models had become increasingly thinner. Derenne and Beresin (2006) also noted that models in the 1980s were about 8% thinner than average, but in 2006 they were 23% thinner than the average woman although they suggest that rising obesity rates may also contribute to this statistic. Technology has been used to attept to hide how damaging the thin-ideal has become by airbrushing away all evidence that the waif thin models in the magazines are suffering from thinning hair; blotched,  unhealthy skin; dark circles under the eyes; and other signs of ill-health as a result of their severely underweight conditions and retouching has been used to add curves to skeletal structures with protruding ribs/collarbones and sunken cheeks. In fact, Hardy (2010), a former editor of Cosmopolitan, said that women wouldnt yearn to be super-thin if they could see how ugly it really was, but airbrushing hides all that ugliness and she adds her voice to the demand to stop airbrushing and creating impossible to attain ideals of feminine beauty. She also notes that airbrushing isnt restricted to fashion magazines, even health and fitness promoting magazines such as Self have had to retouch to make the models look bigger and healthier and Jane Druker, editor of Healthy magazine (sold in health food stores) admitting to retouching a cover girl. Magazines Guillen and Barr (1994) statistically analyzed nutrition and fitness articles and body shape representations in 132 issues of Seventeen that were published between 1970 and 1990. In their literature review they discuss studies that show magazines are a significant source of nutrition information, for adolescents and young adults. They reported that the predominant messages in womens magazines were focused on dieting and exercise to achieve an ideal body shape and their study found that this message was replicated in the adolescents magazine that they reviewed. They found that 50% of the major nutrition-related articles focused on weight-loss and each of these articles explained the relationship between dieting and improving ones appearance. Furthermore, although they found the nutrition advise to be accurate, they explained that there was little provided to help their readers assess whether they needed to lose weight and they found some of the diets were overly restrictive. They explain that 51% of the fitness articles described exercise regimes to promote weight loss and 74% cited attractiveness as an outcome for engaging in a fitness or exercise plan. Advertising Guillen and Barr (1994) found that 24.8% of the 1459 advertisements they reviewed, in the twenty years worth of Seventeen magazine issues, were for diet camps and another 12. 3% were for weight control products. They also noted, however, that 14. 4% of the advertisements were for candy, snack food, and beverages. Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) also mention the conflicting advertising messages that push high caloric foods with low nutritional values along side articles and advertisements for weightloss. In Guillen and Barrs (1994) literature review, they noted an increase in the prevalence of both obesity and anorexia nervosa/bulimia in adolescent women during the onset of the fitness boom in the 1970s and 1980s which may be attributable to the conflicting messages of weight-loss; an ideal, but unachievable, body type; and high calorie, low nutrition food. Television and Film Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008) explain that thin actors dominate the television screen and they note that actresses, models, Playboy centerfolds, and even cartoon characters have become increasingly thinner to the point that many of them are often thinner than the criteria for anorexia (p. 460). In a study conducted by Raphael and Lacey (1992) they found that 69% of female characters on television were so thin they appeared to be anorexic and Hawkins et al (2004) found a similar body structure in the majority of women on television, one that includes narrow hips, long legs, and at least 15% below the average womans weight. Percy and Lautman (1994) examined portrayals of women in the media and reported that the ideal 1894 female model was 54 tall and weighted 140 pounds. By 1947 the ideal model was fifteen pounds lighter and in 1970 models were expected to be at least 58 tall and 118 pounds. An interesting study conducted by Becker et al in 2002 was related by Derenne and Beresin (2006) showed how the introduction of television to Fiji in 1995 drastically changed the body ideal of ethic Fijians. Prior to the introduction of television this culture favoured a rotund body type, eschewed dieting, and reported only one case of anorexia nervosa. In 1998, dieting was a engaged in by 69% of the population and eating disorders were becoming much more prevalent and the youth explained the inspiration for this new behavior was due to the appearance of the actors in the programs they watched. Implications of Idealizing the Female Form Female obsession with the thin-ideal body image is linked to negative behaviors such as excess dieting, low self-esteem, dieting and in extreme cases depression and eating disorders. Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008) discuss the implications of the unattainable thin-ideal representation of women, in the media, from the perspective of cultivation theory and social learning theory that suggests that repeated exposure to media content leads viewers to begin to accept media portrayals as representations of reality and that the thin-ideal woman is normative, expected, and central to attractiveness(p. 460). Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) conducted a meta-analysis of twenty-five studies (n = 2,292) and they found that 86% of the studies reviewed found a small, but consistent, negative effect on body satisfaction levels in females exposed to thin-ideal media images, with younger females ( 19 years old) and those with a history of body dissatisfaction issues showing the greatest negative impact. Body Image Disturbances and Psychological Dysfunctions Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) describe studies that show that a moderate degree of [body] dissatisfaction (p. 2) is now considered a normal aspect of being a woman and dieting is an activity regularly employed to manipulate size and shape. Hesse-Biber (2007) suggest that at least 56% of women experience body dissatisfaction which has given rise to the increase in dieting and exercise, but also eating disorders and plastic surgery. Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008) cite several studies that identifies body dissatisfaction as a dominant risk for eating disorders, low self-esteem, depression, and obesity and suggest this (body dissatisfaction) is a core aspect of womens physical and mental health (p. 460). They found more than 100 studies that examined how the thin-ideal represented in media was internalized by women as an expected and normal aspect of beauty. Park (2005) found a link between her college-aged subjects desire to be thin and their beauty and fashion magazine reading activity. Her subjects had internalized the thin-ideal to such an extent that they assumed that everyone, men and women, prefer the thin body represented in the media. Stice, Spangler and Agras (2001) sought to determine the outcomes of longer term exposure to thin-ideals by providing a 15 month subscription to a fashion magazine (Seventeen) to 45% of a sample of 219 adolescent girls; the remainder were assigned to the control group. They were able to show that their experimental group spent more time reading the magazine (~30 minutes more per month) than the control group. They did not see any significant increases in effects on the five outcomes being studied: thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms overall, except for the participants who had initially reported above average scores on the pressure to be thin variable. These vulnerable adolescents felt an increased pressure to be thin and reported more body dissatisfaction as a result of increased exposure to the thin-ideal. Wertheim et al. (1997) sought to understand the sociocultural pressures and influences on the dieting behaviors of a small (n=30) homogeneous sample of adolescent girls (ages 14 to 16), primarily to contribute to research that seeks to discover and implement preventions measures for eating disorders in adolescents. While they were able to see that dieting and watching ones weight were part of the conversations these subjects had with friends and family, the greatest pressure came from the thin models on the television and in advertisements and the second greatest force was the fashions worn by those models that arent made for bigger or medium-size people. Most of it is made for slim people (p. 350). The Role of the Media Researchers over the last thirty years have concluded that media exposure to the thin-ideal contributes to a fixation on body image and internalizing the social expectation to be thin. High exposure to media images of the thin-ideal is correlated with body dissatisfaction, diminished self-esteem, negative self-worth, depression, shame, insecurities, and eating disorders in female youth (Grabe, Ward, and Hyde, 2008; Groesz, Levine, and Murnen, 2002). Wertheim et al. (1997) found that media and fashion were the biggest sources of pressure on their study subjects desire to be thin although the pressures were reinforced by social factors such as teasing or wanting to fit into a peer group that was dieting (even if they didnt need to be dieting). Lokken, Worthy, and Trautmann (2004) found a correlation between women who had internalized the thin-ideal standard for beauty and their preferences for fashion and beauty magazines. Reactionary Media Campaigns Commissioned by Dove, Etcoff, Orbach, Scott, and DAgostino (2004) conducted a study in which they interviewed 3,200 women in ten countries; 500 of these women were from the United States. They found that 47% of their subjects (60% of U. S. respondents) believed their weight to be too high which affected their perceptions of their own physical attractiveness. These women reported that they believed that the idea of beauty is much more than just physical attractiveness, but popular culture and the media have made these two concepts synonymous and that attributes associated with female beauty are not only becoming increasingly narrowed in their definition, but are also becoming much more unattainable. These respondents strongly agreed that media and advertising were responsible for setting unrealistic standard[s] of beauty that most women cant ever achieve (p.27) and 59% of the American respondents believed that only the most physically attractive women are portrayed in popular culture (p. 27). Dove (2013) has attempted to address these findings in their advertising campaign, the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty launched in 2004, by introducing what they called real women whose appearances are outside the stereotypical norms of beauty. They report that their efforts have resulted in some positive movement away from perpetuating unrealistic perceptions of beauty that are represented by underweight fashion models beginning when Spain banned overly thin models in 2006. Dove responded by stepping up their advertising campaign by producing videos that show how unrealistic perceptions of beauty are created with airbrushing and modifications to images of made up models before they are released to the public. They also produced a film in 2007 called Onslaught, that dramatizes the massive volume of unrealistic, unattainable images of beauty targeting girls and young women that is resulting in lower self-esteem. Dove is pleased that their efforts are gaining traction, but they know that there is still much that needs to be accomplished. The message is being heard, however, as advertising directed at women is increasingly relying upon real women. In the United Kingdom, Jo Swinson, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Women and Equalities, reports that their government has been getting involved and encouraging media, retail, and fashion industries to promote diverse body images and to refrain from airbrushing in their ads. She was pleased that advertising campaigns in the U. K. are, in her word, championing authenticity (Campaign, 2013). Recommendations Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) suggest that advertisers and marketers need to be held accountable for the fall out from promoting unhealthy body ideals and Grave, Ward, and Hyde (2008) suggest that the media needs to be encouraged to reduce and eliminate representations of the thin-ideal. Both studies concluded with a recommendation for education programs that teach girls media literacy so that they can be critical consumers of appearance-related media to prevent the development of body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating behaviors (Grave, Ward, and Hyde, 2008, p.471) and both studies presented evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions. Derenne and Beresin (2006) would like to see a government funded advertising campaign conducted that promotes healthy life-styles, although they (perhaps naively) believe that the lessons and values for healthy eating and exercise must be modelled and learned at home although the study conducted by Wertheim et al (1997) does support this somewhat, in that the subjects, in their study, who did not diet or watch their weight exhibited characteristics of self-acceptance that was fostered by their friendship groups and family influences. They suggest that the constructive influences of peer groups can be utilized to facilitate interventions to mitigate the sociocultural agents that promote unhealthy eating behaviors. They pointed to the successful use of peer facilitators in youth smoking prevention studies, but otherwise did not provide much guidance on how to implement such a measure. Martin and Kennedy (1993) believe that media representatives need to be encouraged to portray a broader spectrum of beauty and sees some advertising campaigns showing oversize models as evidence that media representatives are open to the suggestions. Etcoff, Orbach, Scott, and DAgostino (2004) found that the women in their study also want the media to change the way it represents beauty. 76% of the respondents (85% of U. S. respondents) think beauty must be portrayed as something more than just physical attractiveness by portraying a greater diversity of women where physical attractiveness is not restricted to women of a particular age, shape, weight , or size. They suggest that the narrow definition of beauty that is largely located in limited ideals of physical appearance (p. 47), but can be changed to affirm the unrealized and unclaimed concept of authentic beauty (which includes happiness, kindness, wisdom, and love, etc. ) that is lodged in womens hearts and minds (p.47). In is through such efforts that women believe they may be freed from an ideal that is extremely difficult to achieve and failure to achieve is a significant contributor to low self-esteem particularly among the youngest of the respondents. These respondent expressed a hope that popular culture and media take the opportunity and be the primary force for change in defining a new standard for beauty that incorporates characteristics that go beyond the young, waif-thin, tall, leggy models that grace the pages of fashion magazines. Conclusion Evidence that the message is being heard by advertisers was shown when the creative director of the Dove Campaign, Brian Collins, was presented with the Image of Woman award at the 2006 National Organization for Women Conference and in his acceptance speech he said This is a simple idea, that beauty, whatever that means, is a self-defined and democratic idea. What I really want everyone to do here is hold the advertising industry accountable (Hopper, 2006). Ms. Hopper reports that there are some nay-sayers who believe that Dove has not gone far enough in challenging the status quo, since they still rely on sex, or at least sex-appeal, to sell many of their products and according to Felix (2012) they may be using real women, but they still airbrush way imperfections from their imperfect models. However, the conversation about body image and beauty is taking place in the mainstream and not just within the academic literature. Perhaps the time is finally upon us to find Keats truth.

Presidential and Congressional Decision Making

Introduction Democracy gives individuals and institutions the power to make decisions for the public. There is no way the views of all citizens can be addressed in national forums unless they have representatives. Most nations have three powerful arms of government that include the executive, congress and judiciary (Shulman 2006). This essay presents an evaluation of the presidential and congressional decision making processes and addresses their differences, effectiveness and current and future plans to make them work properly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Presidential and Congressional Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarities and Differences Characteristics The presidential form of decision making is characterized by various factors that include the following. First, this decision is made by an individual and the views presented to the public are perceived to be from the president. This makes it easy for people to evaluate the attitude, perception and reaction of their presidents towards issues of national importance (Spillane 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to explain that people will perceive their presidents to be good or bad depending on how they make decisions. The source of their decisions is deemed to be their personality or stand on various issues. This means that if a president makes a wrong decision the public will judge him or her and not any other person or body. The congressional decision making process is made by a group of elected and nominated political leaders (Tan 2011). These members may be parliamentarians or senators and both groups have the right of making decisions for the public. No individual is responsible for making decisions because there is the need for most members to be present to pass a resolution (Pomeranz 1998). Therefore, when a bad decision is passed in parliament the public will not blame one person for making it. The responsi bility of blame will be on all the members of parliament that were present or absent during the passing of a bill. The decisions of this house are perceived to be the positions taken by most members of parliament and senators. Secondly, the congress is a representation of various political parties and thus the decision and votes of every member is deemed to be the standpoint of a political party or constituency. There is the need to understand that congress members are elected by their people and others nominated by political parties. Therefore, they represent their constituents or political parties and this means that their decisions must reflect the needs of these two entities (Subhash 2009). The congress constitutes members from different regions and political parties and the decisions made are usually in favor of the needs of a political party or constituents of a member of parliament. It is necessary to explain that sometimes members of parliament may be forced to support decis ions that do not reflect the interests of their constituents or political parties. These situations may lead to reprimands or protests from political parties and the public respectively. A president is a leader of a country and thus the decisions this individual makes must be for the benefit of all citizens irrespective of their political affiliations (Shulman 2006). The president should make decisions that do not reflect political inclinations and instead address the needs of the whole population to ensure the interests of all groups are given reasonable attention.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that presidents must shed off their political inclinations once they assume office and this is reflected in how they make key decisions. Most presidents do not participate in the activities of political parties that propelled them to power to avoid being subjective when making na tional decisions. It is necessary to explain that the decisions made by a president should portray neutrality to enable the public to distinguish between the political and national aspects of the presidency. Moreover, presidents have advisory teams that ensure they do not make decisions that may be misinterpreted by the public and political parties. Presidential advisory teams are important in guiding presidents when making key decisions. These teams are made of professionals from different fields to ensure presidents make informed decisions. Therefore, the decisions made by presidents are usually as a result of long consultation and guidance from advisors that have practical experience, academic and research knowledge on various issues (Tan 2011). The president is in charge of hiring members of these bodies and thus nobody can influence their decisions pony this matter. These teams are responsible for advising presidents, but the final decision lies on the office holder. This means that the teams do not play crucial roles in determining what decisions presidents make during their terms in office. However, they ensure they give proper guidance to presidents and advise them on the best ways to manage issues of national importance. Therefore, presidents have the right of making decisions they deem appropriate in their countries and nobody can stop them from doing this. Congressional decision making is determined by the positions taken by political parties or constituents. Congressmen cannot make their own independent decisions because they are supposed to represent their political parties and constituents (Norburn 2007). This means that even if they have personal preferences and opinions regarding issues of national importance they cannot make decisions that do not tally with what their constituents or political parties expect from them. Therefore, their hands are usually tied to other people who think that they their interests should be properly represented by congressmen. The need for congressmen to consult constituents and political parties before making decisions shows they do not have powers to determine the choices of their actions (Tan 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Presidential and Congressional Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, a presidential decision making is determined by national issues that affect people from different political backgrounds. Presidents are obliged to listen to their citizens, regardless of their political affiliations and make sure their decisions reflect the needs of all citizens. The positions taken by presidents in international forums represent the stands of their citizens. Therefore, presidents are mandated to address issues that affect the lives of all citizens in all corners of their countries and not just a handful of those that belong to their political parties (Tan 2011). Presidents are electe d by political parties, but this does not give them the power to address issues that affect their members only. A president is a national figure and thus must look at things from a non political perspective to ensure the needs of their citizens are addressed. There is the need for presidential advisory teams to ensure their presidents avoid issues that portray political interests. This will help presidents to make non-partisan decisions that will improve the lives of all citizens. Congressional decision making is to the needs of their members. There is no independency in congressional decision making. In addition, members of the congress make decisions that are limited to their areas of jurisdiction and this includes constituencies and political parties (Tan 2011). Members of parliament represent individuals of specific regions and thus they may not have the power to make decisions that do not affect their people. This means that the power of a member of parliament is limited to the areas an individual represents. This explains why not all members of parliament are usually present when making some decisions. They do not see the need to attend sessions that are of insignificant value to their constituents. In addition, the decision made by a congress may not affect all regions. However, presidential decisions affect the lives of all citizens irrespective of their locations. Therefore, congressional decisions are limited in scope and do not affect the entire country like how the presidential one does. Challenges Presidential decision making faces serious challenges due to the nature of this position. First, most people perceive the decisions of this office to represent the interest of political parties that won presidential elections (Norburn 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, there are criticisms that face this office because people do not understand that presidents are national figures and do not represent their political parties while in office. Political parties that win presidential elections face criticism when their presidents make decisions that may be perceived to have vested interests (Tan 2011). On the other hand, congressional decisions do not face a lot of criticisms because people understand that they represent the interests of different groups like political parties and constituencies. Members of parliament do not make independent decisions and this means that there are no chances of criticisms from their political parties or constituents. Therefore, they do not expect negative responses from those they represent. In addition, presidential decision making is influenced by opinion polls and interest groups. This means that presidents may make decisions that do not reflect their thoughts, but address the needs of the public. Opinio n polls and interest groups are very influential in determining the decisions that presidents make and thus they rely on the mind of their citizens to make resolutions. Therefore, the decisions made by presidents cannot be said to be totally independent from any external forces; in fact the public determines and shapes the thoughts of its presidents (Tan 2011). A president who makes unpopular decisions may face demonstrators supported by interest groups. Presidential and congressional decision making determines the future of office bearers in different positions. People judge the performance of presidents and members of parliament, depending on the importance and nature of the decisions they make. Those willing to retain their seats in future elections must make decisions that make their constituents happy even if they do not have any economic or social value. It is necessary to explain that political decision makers have an uncertain future because they are judged depending on thei r contributions in formulating policies (Stone 2013). Therefore, they are sometimes forced to make decisions that make no sense provided their constituents and political parties are happy. It is necessary to explain that the electorate has the power of influencing both presidential and congressional decisions. However, presidents serving their second terms and congressmen that do not wish to be reelected ignore the demands of their people because they are of no value to them. Therefore, they do not mind what their people will think about them and this motivates these members to make decisions that they think are suitable or represent their interests (Stone 2013). Presidents face serious challenges when they make decisions that may affect their political parties. Political parties that produce presidents expect them to favor their members or interests regardless of their consequences on the public. Therefore, they think that presidents will listen and follow their advice even if they are wrong; however, this is usually not the case as most presidents ignore the political aspects when making decisions (Tan 2011). Most congressmen and presidents are usually accused of dictatorship and betrayal when they fail to obey the orders issued by their political parties. Some issues presented by political parties aim at frustrating opponents and promoting their interests and presidents usually ignore such moves and this makes them to be perceived to be dictators. Lastly, both the presidential and congressional decision making processes face the risk of rejection due to political interference (Reuer 2011). Politics play significant roles in determining the fate of bills and other policies. The concept and application of democratic rights of political parties and individuals have been misused to interfere with the processes of making decisions by institutions or people. People think that their opinions should be given preference to those of others because democracy dictates so. Political parties misuse their constitutional right and force ruling parties to experience serious challenges that interfere with the implementation of their manifestos (Spillane 2014). Presidents face serious challenges from opposition parties that rarely approve of their decisions. They think that they must oppose all decisions and actions of the ruling party and this slows down the process of decision making. There are chances that nations that think they are democratic rarely make decisions on time due to interference from political parties and individuals aligned to the opposition. Effectiveness The effectiveness of the presidential decision making process is determined by various factors. First, presidents or heads of states have constitutional rights of making some decisions including appointment of public office bearers and commanding key military bodies to undertake operations. The congress has no power over this issue and this makes the president to have control over o ther decision making organs in a country. Presidents have the right to ensure that there is security in their countries and that people enjoy their lives (Reuer 2011). Therefore, he can make decisions that affect the lives of citizens in all regions regardless of what congressmen think about them. However, some decisions cannot be made by presidents without consultation or approval from other bodies like the houses of representatives. For instance, the American president cannot command the military to attack other nations or conduct their operations there if he does not have the approval from the upper and lower houses of representatives (Shulman 2006). This means that in this case the president has no power of making independent decisions. Therefore, there are some decisions that the president cannot make without the approval of these houses while others do not require their consent. The congress has a constitutional right of discussing important issues that affect a country and ma king decisions that ensure citizens live secure, healthy and affordable life. This body has the responsibility of passing bills and making sure that necessary amendments are made to make laws appropriate for the promotion of human life and development (Reuer 2011). The congress does not need the support of a president when making laws and this means that it is independent from his or her influence. However, the president must approve all bills passed by members of parliament before they become laws. The bills will be returned to the house for further debate and amendments if the president refuses to approve it. The above discussions show that the presidential and congressional decision making processes are not independent and each body relies on the support of the other to function properly. However, it is necessary to understand that not all issues require the approval of the other department to survive (Tan 2011). The congress may have more power over the president when it comes t o issues of impeachment when a president makes repeated mistakes. Therefore, there are instances where these parties have equal influence over others, but sometimes they function independently. Outcomes Presidential and congressional decision making produces both bad and good outcomes. The presidential decision making process aims at establishing appropriate ways of ensuring citizens get access to quality public service. This includes unrestricted access to justice, security, education and proper medical services. There is the need to explain that presidents are in charge of their countries and thus anything that happens to their citizens (regardless of their political inclinations) falls on their shoulders (Subhash 2009). Therefore, they make decisions that do not portray political inclinations because they are supposed to be national representatives. Presidential advisors help presidents to make decisions that will attract approval from members of public and civil groups. This mea ns that they ensure presidents are not influenced by personal or political interests when making national decisions. This makes their decisions to be effective in ensuring people have access to quality services from civil servants and public offices (Reuer 2011). Therefore, the presidential decision making process is effective if it addresses national issues without political interference. On the other hand, it is likely that a presidential decision making process may not be effective. First, this process centers power to an individual and thus there are possibilities that the person may not make appropriate decisions due to lack of consultation and debates (Subhash 2009). The process may be influenced by limited knowledge and experience on various issues and this may make a president to make decisions that lack professional understanding. In addition, some presidents do not like following advises from other people or institutions because they think that they know better than others . Therefore, they make irrational decisions that expose their countries to ridicule and lower the ratings of their performance. Congressional decision making is a complicated process because it requires consultation and debates. There are higher chances that congressional decision making processes can produce good outcomes because they involve debates and consultations. Therefore, appropriate measures are taken before decisions are made and this helps the public to get quality services (Reuer 2011). In addition, this process takes a lot of time before decisions are made. This gives decision makers the time to revise their presentation and evaluate the effectiveness of their policies. However, this process may not be suitable in producing good outcomes because members present the interests of their political parties and constituents. The interests of any of these may not be appropriate in promoting national development. Congress men have used this process to express their political i nterests and frustrate their opponents. In addition, the success of any decisions determined by the support it gets from the members of various bodies; therefore, it is not a democratic way of making decisions and its outcomes may have negative impacts on citizens (Stone 2013). The congressional decision making process is more effective than the presidential one since it has higher chances of producing the expected outcomes. In addition, it represents the views of ordinary citizens and political parties and not individuals. Current Measures The congressional decision making process is expected to improve due to the introduction of civil and social awareness in parliaments. It is necessary to explain that traditionally most parliamentarians did not know their roles and how to execute various policies to ensure the interests of their people are addressed (Pomeranz 1998). The need to ensure congressmen pass appropriate bills and make good decisions will improve because of the introduct ion of training programs that will help these members to understand the impacts of their actions on ordinary citizens. This has helped them to differentiate political and national issues and minimized irrelevant debate and bills in parliament. Nations are struggling to equip their parliaments with modern technology to ensure communication between the public and congressmen is improved. The presidential decision making process is undergoing tremendous changes to ensure the president makes rational decisions. Most presidents listen to their advisory bodies and consult relevant departments before making decisions (Shulman 2006). This ensures the interest of the public is given the first priority over that of an individual or political party. In addition, presidents have realized that their positions as public figures means that they must ensure their citizens live better lives and have access to what they need. This means that they have ignored their personal and political partyâ€℠¢s influences when making decisions. Recommendations There is the need for a congressional decision making process to take a shorter time than what is happening in most parliaments. Bills should be discussed and approved within a short and reasonable time to avoid piling pressure on members of parliament. In addition, congressional decision making processes should be independent of any political interests to ensure there is objectivity in discussions. Moreover, the veto power of the president should be minimized to ensure the congress is not arm-twisted to make irrational decisions. Lastly, there should be guidelines to guide the contribution of members in the congress to ensure all members are allowed to present their views. There is the need for the presidential decision making process to involve other stakeholders before making conclusions. Presidents should not be allowed to make independent decisions without consulting stakeholders. The time for issuing presidential decrees and resolutions should be increased to ensure there is proper consolation and evaluation of the decisions made before the public is informed about them. Conclusion Presidential decision refers to the decrees, actions, orders, suggestions and recommendations made by a head of state. Presidents are allowed to make independent decisions that affect the lives of their citizens provided they abide by the regulations of their constitutions. A congressional decision refers to the resolutions passed in either the lower or upper house of representatives. These decisions are made after members of these houses conduct debates to evaluate the impacts and importance of issues that affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The presidential and congressional decisions affect the lives of ordinary citizens and thus the people responsible for them must ensure they put the interests of the public before self. References Norburn, D 2007, ‘A Four Nation of the Relationship between Presidential and Cong ressional decision making processes’, Journal of International Politics, 21(4), pp. 451-468. Pomeranz, F 1998, ‘Corporate Governance: Opportunity for Institutions and individuals’,  The Journal of Political Management, 7(3), pp. 25-29. Reuer, J 2011, ‘Managing in the Turbulent Political World: Presidential and Congressional decision making’, Journal of International Politics, 30, pp. 219-222. Shulman, R 2006, ‘Corporate Treatment of Political Decisions, Journal of International  Politics, 14(2), pp. 83-88. Spillane, C 2014, ‘The challenges of political decision making processes in America’,  Businessweek, 6(12), pp. 5-13. Stone, B 2013, ‘An introduction to decision making in modern political governance’,  Journal of International Politics, 11(21), pp. 11-12. Subhash, K 2009, ‘Political economy and decision making processes’, Journal of  International Politics, 12(2), pp. 113-129. Tan, W 2011, â⠂¬ËœPolitics and Corporate Governance, Investment and Firm Valuation in Asian Emerging Markets’, Journal of International Management and Accounting, 22 (3), pp. 246-273. This essay on Presidential and Congressional Decision Making was written and submitted by user Jed1d1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Law Enforcement after 9/11 an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Law Enforcement after 9/11 "Life is a place where it is necessary to move gently. Whether it be in thought, speech, or action, the rhythm must be controlled; the law of harmony must be observed in all that one does." The importance of the fuction of law enforecement is often ignored in many countires, but its true value was realized by US citizens after the 9/11 attacks. National security is and must be given utmost importance but does that mean we neglect all ethical barriers and social norms, resort to illegal, harsh and questionable methods. Is that the only way the government of US can protect its national boundaries? Has US law enforecement agencies kept in mind consitution, before blatantly accusing, harrasing citizens that have been a productive part of the US economy be it Arabs, Egyptians and majority of the midleasten countries. (Inayat, 2000) Need essay sample on "Law Enforcement after 9/11" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In the time following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade center, the government of the Unitated States of America designed laws to prevent any future attacks. But drawing attention to existing ones like the fourth amendmennnt of the constitution of the United States of America states "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." On the contrary every entity of this amendment has been violated to the utmost extreme. Young men and old alike pilled out of their homes and work places, maltreated abused both physically and mentally. Is all this justified by law or religion? Is this the way the United States of America guards its country? Hardly the case. Before the events that occurred on 9/11 US governments and troops where interested in peace and promotion of peace. Post 9/11 all ethics and moral guidelines thrown out the window to take revenge or show exactly how powerful America is. This is exactly what has happened in America. Bringing the history of America into context where brutality and discrimination as existed, first it was the colored people and now the Muslims. Post 9/11 the main issue for most is that freedom is under fire. Government intolerance has invaded into private lives. Events like Baseball Hall of Fame cancelled after stars like Tim Robbins and Susan Sarandon spoke against the war. Isnt that what America is known for? "The land of the free". America is simply letting fear govern them instead of values. South Asians especially Muslims from the Middle East have been made targets of hate crimes, surveillance by government, deportations and other acts of oppression. Post 9/11 many changes have been observed in the United States of America. Firstly the number of surveillance cameras installed on every nook and corner. Policemen having the right to stop search and question anyone whom they consider a threat to national security. But the fact of the matter is that the law enforcement agencies of America are flirting with the thin line between protection and harassment. Americans are in the midst of a security paradox. The citizens of USA expect the government to protect their well being, but in return the responses they get make them more insecure. USA PATRIOT Act was rapidly and over-whelming passed by Congress with very little debate. The USA PATRIOT Act "broadens definitions of terrorism, toughens sentences for convicted terrorists, and generally makes it easier for law enforcement and intelligence agencies to gather and share reams of information some related to terror investigations and some not"(Robinson, M. 2007). Since the rapid passing of the USA PATRIOT Act, many Americans have feared that the Act abolishes many rights and civil liberties guaranteed by the Constitution of The United States. The USA Patriot Act has added fuel to this burning fire. Acts like these have reduced trust and confidence in local law enforcement agencies. In majority cases police brutality has been a matter of concern and mostly Arab Muslims are at the receiving end. (Kevin, 2005) Reports suggest that a considerable change in the priorities of agencies like Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigations on normal financial crimes have reduces and counterterrorism investigations have increased by 183%, Isnt this a drastic change in the attitudes of law enforcement agencies towards expatriates who have been residing in the United states for decades and this is how they get treated. No one argues the empirical importance of National security but at the cost of capitulating trust of the citizens. (Henderson, 2006) With all new laws being imposed, the immigration and deportation laws have been spiked up in security as well. Students applying for students visa are suffered as well as families planning migration. This strictness was not only observed in legislation but physically at airports as well. Men with long beards and women with their traditional hijabs were detained and questioned, harassed and abused. The root of all this hatred comes from the notion that all Muslims are terrorists. (Nobrerg, 2007) The patriot Act allows surveillance against terror, follow sophisticated terrorists, question without tripping off others, it helps law enforcement readily obtain warrants and monitor computers along with obtaining business records. The ACLU diligently claims that the patriot act expands terrorism but in reality the patriot act actually restricts particularly domestic terrorism. The fact of the matter is that the Patriot act protects all Americans First Amendment rights. In conclusion, the intended purpose of the patriot act seems legitimate, to deter and punish terrorism. Although it strengthens the government it gives birth to a breeding ground for manipulation and corruption, as it includes the ability to use previously deemed illegal methods like surveillance and sharing vital information. The only foreseen benefit to this is that the Department of Homeland Security can process cases without much interference. In the worlds most democratic society its is an abomination that anti terror laws provide restriction on citizens first amendment rights. The severe impact of anti-terrorism legislation in USA could be significant if not adapted or construe by the judiciary in a manner that confers to basic freedom of expression, association and religion. It can be concluded from this that law enforcement have not adhered to the U.S constitution. The concerns for national security have bent and manipulated ethical boundaries. These changes have made a great impact on the proceedings of criminal prosecutions. References American Civil liberties Union, Dissent in post 9/11 America. Freedom under fire, Retrieved February 25, 2008, from 4. http://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/dissent_report.pdf Henderson, Nicole (2006 June). Publications. Retrieved February 26, 2008, Inayat Khan, Hazrat (2000). Quotes Bout Law. Retrieved February 26, 2008, Johnson, Kevin (2005). USA today. Retrieved February 25, 2008, Web site: http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-17-Copmisconduct_N.htm Longley, Robert (2004). After 9/11 job openings abound. Retrieved February 25, 2008, Moore, Kelly (2007 November 26). Trillium 2000. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from Lewis Norberg, John (2007 October 25). Philippe Legrain: Muslims aren't all the extremist that any non-Muslims think they are. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from Philippe Legrain US constitution, (2006). Fourth amendment. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from Find Law

How to Write When Muse Doesnt Help

How to Write When Muse Doesnt Help There you are. Slamming your brain repeatedly against the keyboard at 1:53am while your loudest â€Å"make ideas happen† music blares from your headphones. Intermittently, you are uploading pictures of your cat to Instagram while cursing the professor who assigned this stupid essay. You are considering selling your soul to the Devil in lieu of a working thesis statement. Don’t make any blood oaths just yet. Even when your brain just doesn’t seem to be making any connections, there are ways to get your ideas flowing and that essay started. With a little creative help and a lot of determination, even the most uninspired essay can turn into a gem. 1. Go Where the People Are In a recent study from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, researchers found that ambient noise at around 70 decibels actually improves creative thought. They found that extreme quiet, 50 decibels or lower, impedes the ability to think abstractly since it introduces too much focus into the equation. On the other hand, make sure you don’t go where there is too much noise. The study also showed that noises over 85 decibels, the sound of heavy traffic, is too distracting for creative thinking. So, make sure you go to a coffee shop, not a metal concert. 2. Create an Outline Remember in high school when your teacher forced you to make an outline? It might have seemed like a huge waste of time then, but it’s a great trick to get your essay on the page. In fact, with a good enough outline, half of your paper will already be written for you. In fact, there is a simple 7-step procedure to have an excellent outline that will always get you off to a good essay start. Answer the prompt. In one or two sentences, answer the prompt for the article. This is your thesis statement. It will go at the end of your first paragraph. Write a main sentence for each of your paragraphs. Each paragraph should help to explain what you stated in your thesis. For each paragraph, write one sentence about what that paragraph is going to say. List 2-3 resources for each paragraph. Look at the main sentence for each paragraph. Now, find some resources that prove what you said in that sentence. List them. Now that you have all your paragraphs and thesis statement outlined, you will have some great ideas on how to start writing your essay. By the time you’re finished writing the body, or â€Å"meat,† of your essay, you should have some good ideas on how to write the introduction and conclusion. 3. Set a Timer One of the best ways to get writing when your brain feels like mush is to do a timed writing. Simply set your timer for 5-10 minutes and sit down at your computer. Start writing whatever comes into your head. If you’re working on an essay, write down all the things you know about the subject, or how you feel about it. Whatever you do, don’t stop writing. When you run out of things to say, simply write, â€Å"I don’t know what to say.† Your brain will eventually fill that space with things that can help you connect your ideas with the essay you need to complete. 4. Do Some Research I don’t mean search â€Å"funny cat videos† for two hours. I mean, real research. For example, if your essay needs to be about a current event, go to an online news source and start looking at headlines. Anything that catches your attention is a great place to begin your research. Especially if you’re low on time, research is another area where it’s a good idea to time yourself. Set the clock for one hour and look for concrete evidence to support your ideas. Educational websites (.edu) and governmental websites (.gov) are the most authoritative, so their excellent places to start. Also, make sure that you are citing your source so that you don’t get in trouble for plagiarism. 5. Just Write It In the end, writing an essay is simply about sitting down and doing it. Many authors, essayists, and professional writers don’t wait for inspiration before they put pen to paper. As a student, you can’t wait until inspiration strikes to start your essay. Simply setting aside a time to write and then making it happen is the best way to avoid losing your soul to a college essay assignment.

Psychological anthroplogy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological anthroplogy - Essay Example They were brought up to be kept and protected. They received proper training in reading, domestic skills training, simple mythology and had to stay home. Teenage girls were married off to thirty year old men (McGee & Richard, 2004). They did not have the right to select husbands for themselves. Their father selected the husband. Girls were expected to be virgins before their marriage. In Greek culture, women were not considered to be part of family until the first child was born. Adult Greek females belonging to respectable families were instructed to stay at home and weave. They were only allowed to attend religious ceremonies. Young girls and women were active in festivals. Frequently, older women were chosen to attend the gods. She was the only woman who had the permission to serve the gods and offer them food (Alasuutari, 1995). From infancy, Greek boys were expected to receive education and become financially independent. They were sent to school at the age of six and were taugh t to have healthy bodies. At the age of sixteen, they received formal training for their future jobs. They were considered to be the leaders and they were active in politics. Greek men were engaged in several activities which included spending time in fields, looking after crops, hunting or commercial activities. In addition, they enjoyed wrestling, horseback riding, etc (Miller, 2003). Ancient Maya women played a very vital role in Mayan society. Although they were considered to propagate culture through bringing up children, they were also active economical, governmental and farming activities. Maya women in charge of food economy and made sure there was ample supply of deer because ancient Maya consumed meat. In Maya Culture, women and men had different but equal tasks. Maya men were expected to produce food by working in the fields and females used to process these products to make them

Systematic Approach to Higher Education Administration Research Paper

Systematic Approach to Higher Education Administration - Research Paper Example This discussion stresses that  the administration of regional institutions that offer higher education must be approached systematically in order to realize the most desirable results. Further, decentralizing education in the context of establishing regional institutes of higher education largely contributes to regional development. A systematic approach that brings institutes of higher education together with regional stakeholders such as local government, organizations of social development and industries facilitates the alignment of teaching, civic engagement and research with regional development strategies.According to the study findings the process of systems thinking will entail developing models that promote how events are understood and the behavioral patterns that result in such events as well as the underlying structures that are responsible for such behavioral patterns. In that perspective, this paper will explore the viability of developing an international campus in C anada for the University of Wyoming. The focus will be on state and institution governance structure and interrelationships and intra-relationships among the structures that govern the institution. It will further discuss the governance structure for the Canadian campus and the major legal and regulatory issues relevant to the expansion as well as budgetary and policy considerations at the regional, local and institutional levels.

How meditation can help you become happier and healthier Annotated Bibliography

How meditation can help you become happier and healthier - Annotated Bibliography Example Most of the research done in the articles has strongly linked mindfulness meditation with neurology. In the article, meditation has been associated with various health benefits. It describes a situation where an individual has been able to overcome pain resulting from degenerative osteoarthritis. Moreover, the same practice has been shown to help in relieving symptoms of some diseases such as hypertension and chronic pain. In addition, it has been shown to accelerate the treatment of diseases such as anxiety, depression, and high blood pressure. The source is very useful in highlighting the health benefits that are linked to one engaging in meditation. The source is objective as it is based on various scientific researches. The source will be significant in my research as it will help in proving the health benefit of those that actively takes part in mediation. Freeman, David. â€Å"Try This Simple Meditation Method To Be Happier, Healthier & More Caring (PODCAST).† Huffingtonpost.com. Web. 01 May 2015. . The article begins with noting how powerful the brain is in terms of thinking and reasoning. The brain is also noted as giving human power to reflect on the past and also in controlling the emotions. In a research is done, mediation has been shown as a powerful way of stopping negative emotions and enhancing our resilience in the presence of various challenges that occur in life. It is seen as providing a chance for individual to interrogate their minds. As noted, it helps in increasing awareness of our minds and the mental processes. Hence, in participation in mediation even at a short duration enhances our mental focus as well as empathy and altruism. Consequently, it is described as an ingredient that can uplift one

Use Of Nature In Asian American Painting Film Studies Essay

Use Of Nature In Asian American Painting Film Studies Essay Nature played an important role in the history of Chinese and Japanese art. Many factors influenced the use of nature in these art forms. During the northern Sung Dynasty, the Emperor officially announced nature as the only subject worthy of painting (ICS 5 Class Lecture Notes). All the paintings were done in the formal hanging scroll format. Artists used dark colors as the backbone of the paintings so it would make it easier to hang them. Artists did not use the reality of the nature but created abstraction of the reality in their paintings. During this period, all the scholar painters used to live a subsidized life. They would paint for the Emperor and obtain necessities from him in return. Because of this, they did not have to look for other means of making money. Hence they could concentrate on their paintings. All the scholar artists would go out, live in the nature, and depend on it to gain ideas for their paintings. I believe that this was also a significant reason why nature and landscape were used a lot in their paintings. A good example of this is Fan Kuans painting Travelers on a Mountain Path. We can see a clear rational view of the nature in this painting. It is called the clear rational picture because as an audience if you put your self in the painting you can actually find your way through. Confucius emphasized on people to use their rational mind (Catalyst Review Slides). Rationality in painting is where you can have a clear rational landscape. Frequently, artists would not show the whole view in their painting because they wanted the audience to use their imagination in order to figure out the rest. In this painting, Kuan is using a lot of brushstrokes to show the mountains, waterfall, trees and rivers. These brushstrokes were meticulous because artist would take years to finish this kind of painting. These paintings were done on silk, so the artists were not able to erase their mistakes. Therefore they had to think a lot and make sure that th ey do it right. Nature also played a big role in the religious beliefs of the Chinese. During the southern Sung Dynasty, Chinese believed in Taoist cosmology, which expresses Yin and Yang energy in the universe. Yin is for feminine and was represented by water and Yang is for masculine and was represented by mountains and they come to gather in the painting. Artists made the paintings, which were intuitive, suggestive, and rapid. Taoism and Chinese culture had a special meaning for mountains. In Mandarin, a word that translates to Landscape means mountains and water (Catalyst Lecture Notes). This is why I believe Chinese artists used mountains and different forms of water, such as rivers, waterfalls, streams, mist, and clouds, in their paintings to show the landscape. The landscape the artist would show would be very misty. You can notice this in Ma Yuans painting Bare Willows and Distant Mountains. Even during the Yuan Dynasty, nature was being used in the paintings because the scholar painter esta blished their residency in the mountains. They were in harmony with the nature, which I believe must have influenced their paintings. Japanese painters also used nature in their art, but they had their own style. They used the multiple panels of paintings with real 24k gold in the background. Hasegauas Initial stages of the Summer Siege is an important example of this. Winter Landscape by Sesshu is also a good example of the use of landscape by the Japanese artists. The painting is used to show how Zen Buddhist monks would connect to the universe via meditation. It is completely abstract. I also believe that the artist is making a strong statement about winter and coldness in this painting. He is using very thick, black, and sharp brushstrokes to match the weather. Japanese used woodblock prints in their art. It is different from painting. They used a special method to make these prints. Japanese artists used nature even in the woodblock prints. Hokusai is showing one of the 36 different views of Mount Fuji in his woodblock print Under The Wave Off Kanagawa Point. Hokusai tries to freeze the most dramatic movement in time, which you can see in this print when you see the frozen wave. In both Chinese and Japanese cultures, the inspiration of nature is remarkably apparent. I believe that in Asian art landscape painting shows the relationship between humans and nature. Asian artists used water and mountains in their paintings to show the harmony in nature. We could see nature in all of the Asian paintings. The use of nature was also carried over by the Asian American artists. The first Asian immigrants who migrated to United States often faced poverty in their homeland but came to United States with a hope of a better life (Catalyst Notes). The majority of them came to California. The Chinese were among the first Asians to come to United States. Among the Chinese emigrants there were talented artists who had the training in the classic Eastern art techniques. They had come with the curiosity about the Western art. These artists later enrolled in the western art training centers like the California School of Fine Arts. The Japanese arrived in the United States later. The Japanese also made significant artistic contributions to Californias art. When the Asian artists arrived to the United States they had to make some adjustments. They did not have a subsidized way of living in the United States. Instead, they had to find other means of making money to support their living. Chiura Obata i s one of the Japanese artists, who came to the United States in 1903 and settled in San Francisco. He was one of the lucky ones who had found a teaching job at U C Berkeley. I would like to use Chiura Obatas experiences, after coming to the United States, to show how the use of nature was transferred from Asian artists to Asian American artists. When Obata came to America, his paintings were done on silk and it contained landscapes. He used classic Japanese brush painting and combined it with western art. He did some water colors and ink sketches. He used his Japanese art to portray Californias landscape. In his painting Monterey Coast, we can see lots of brush stroke movements were used to show the waves. You could never see the use of shadow in Asian art, but Obata learned about the shadow in the paintings at the western artists exhibition. We can see him use his new technique of shadow in his painting Monterey Coast. He was also very fond of Yosemites nature. He did lots of paint ings about Yosemite. Obata was a master of Sumi-e art. The Sumi-e art is a style of ink brush painting. Obata also did his most famous work of woodblock prints woodblock prints, which was titled World Landscape Series-America. Obata was one of the Asian American artists, who used the original Asian art with landscapes and nature and added that to the American art. World War II had a major influence on Asian artists and their views about art. All the artists turned to their personal experiences and beliefs for inspiration instead of looking at nature. They still used nature in their paintings but it served as a visual diary of peoples daily life at the relocation center. In 1940s, during the World War II, Obata and his family along with other 100,000 Japanese Americans moved to the inlands from the west coast. He was sent to the relocation camp in Tanforan at first and than to Topaz, Utah. While he was in camp he made about hundred sketches and paintings. He started an art school in Topaz, which had about 600 students. His painting Silent Moonlight at Tanforan is a good example of the artists experiences at the relocation center. In this painting he is showing the horse stables where people had to live. I think in this painting he is also using the colors to show the emotions of the people. The Moon is shown very thin and covered with cloud. He is trying to express depression among the people. He also did some drawings and paintings of landscape and sky that gave sense of isolation, determination and alienation. During the time of WWII Japanese artists used their Asian art to show their experiences, which still contained nature. Due to internment, Japanese American artists had lost their livelihood and their occupations after their release and it was portrayed in lot of the artwork. The artists were completely transformed because of their internment experience. By the end of World War II, the Western world and California had fallen a part from all artistic traditions. Modern, abstract art got added to the Western world. Many of the California Asian artists did abstract painting. By this time the artists started using urban landscape instead of a land landscape. They would take all the ordinary things and turn them in to very special compositions. They did this even in the woodblock prints. Old Car by Wah Ming Chang is a good example of this. Asian artists started using watercolors in their paintings. You can see this in the San Francisco Chinatown by Yun Gee. He is using more bright colors like Western artist in this painting. He is trying to be revolutionary by experimenting very bright and intense colors. In early 1990s there was an increase in Asian American art activity, which brought national attention to Asian American art (Fresh Talk Daring Gazes, pg.22). A group of English speaking young Asian Americans had emerged. During the 1980s and 1990s the use of nature in art became less important. The young Asian American artists started designing their art to reflect and accommodate the migratory experiences of the Asian emigrants. As Elaine Kim states in her book Fresh Talk Daring Gazes, all the problems that Asian American society faces needed to come out for discussion. One of the good examples about this is artist Pacita Abads painting called I Thought The Streets were Lined with Gold. In this painting she has stuffed lot of pictures with sequences and other things. She is trying to show how Filipinos and Asian emigrants came to the United States with high hopes, but the actual experiences at their arrival were very different. They had to take up all the low paying jobs like childc are, day labor, nursing etc. In another art Framing An American Identity by Tommie Arai, the artist is showing the small passport size pictures to show their personal identity. Arai is trying to explore the identity of those people who have a different self-identity. There are other images in the background, which represents the real identity of those people. I believe that in this picture Arai is trying to show that identity is not fixed or original essence, but it is flowing and changeable to balance all the experiences and places lived. It is very true that people had to recreate their identity once they came to the United States. Artist Sung Ho Choi is using the theme of the American flag as a target in her art called American Pie. It is about American experiences of all the Asian emigrants with Government, job markets, and the segregation of people etc. She is using the Korean newspaper articles and each article represents the horror stories of the emigrants. The US flag repres ents the freedom. All of these images together represent the goals and the American dreams that all the immigrants had. We can see how the use of nature became less important over time and vanished out of the Asian American paintings. . They geared their artworks towards showing the life experiences of the emigrants and the struggles they had to go through when they came to the United States.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - An Epic Poem -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf:   An Epic Poem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To qualify as an epic poem, Beowulf reflects the values of the culture in which it was created. The Anglo-Saxon culture and the poem share many of the same values. They shared a heroic ideal that included loyalty, strength, courage, courtesy, and generosity. Like all epic poems Beowulf is a long narrative work that tells the adventures of a great hero and also reflects the values of the society in which it was written. Both Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxons believed in those qualities as an individual. The strongest ties of loyalty in their society were to kin and lord. A kingdom was only as strong as its war-leader king. In order to have loyal men, the King needed to repay them. In other words the men were paid for loyalty. They were sometimes given, land, gold, money, food, armor and other things for a reward after battle. Both the Anglo-Saxons and the characters in Beowulf are willing to risk their life at any moment-they are inattentive to danger. The Anglo-Saxons acquired riches by plundering treasures of their enemies. Every family formed a bond of loyalty and protection. A family was bound to avenge a father or brother’s death by feud with the tribe or clan which had killed him. This duty of blood revenge was the supreme religion of the Anglo-Saxons. The family passed down this hatred forever until avenged. Always staying loyal to family and the lord. (Allen, 12-14) "The Anglo Saxons appear as a race of fierce, cruel, and barbaric pagans, delighting in the seas, in slaughter, and in drink "(Allen, 17). The character of the ancient Saxons displayed the qualities of fearless, active, and successful. The Anglo-Saxons are mostly a barbaric race, not savage and rude but mostly military and... .... W. Beowulf: An Introduction. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1967. Collins, John J. "Apocalyptic Literature," Harper's biblical Dictionary, ed. Paul J. Achtmeier. San Francisco: Harper, 1985. Emmerson, Richard K. and Bernard McGinn. The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages. Ithaca: Cornell, 1992. Garmonsway, et. al. Beowulf and Its Analogues. New York: Dutton, 1971. Gang, T. M. "Approaches to Beowulf." RES 3 (1952):.6-12. Gildas. De Excidio Britanniae in Wade-Evans, A. W. , trans. Nennius' History of Britons. London: Methuen, 1938. Goldsmith, Margaret. "The Christian Theme of Beowulf." Medium Aevum 29 (1960): 81-101. Green, Martin. "Man, Time, and Apocalypse in The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and Beowulf," JEGP 74 (1975): 502-518. Hieatt, Constance B. "Envelope Patterns and the Structure of Beowulf," English Studies in Canada 1 (1975): 249-265.

Road Rage: Preventive Measures

Road rage starts with just a simple tailgating or the guy in front of you cutting you off. Road rage is uncontrollable anger experienced by a driver in difficult road conditions, often leading to violent behavior. Behaviors resulting from road rage are speeding, driving to slowly, headlight flashing and many more. There are many causes of road rage. Such small things such as bright lighting up to very large incidents such as obstructing another vehicle can cause road rage. Have you ever been behind that annoying slow driving â€Å"Sunday driver† when you’re in a hurry?The feeling you may feel are a result of road rage. Another example of road rage is when your stopped at a stop sign and you are not paying close attention to what’s going on and the guy behind you is in a hurry and he beeps the horn and you instantly throw your hands in the air and give him the finger. All of these are the resulting cause of road rage. Every day there is road rage on the road. Fort y five percent of motorists say that they are more worried about road rage then drunk drivers.Another statistic is that 10,037 accidents occurred within a six year period that was a result of road rage. The amount of men, women, and children killed within this six year period was 218 with over 12,000 injured. The growth rate of aggressive driving is at a rate of seven percent. With all the statistics show why there needs to be prevention to road rage. There are many steps a motorist can take to prevent road rage. Such simple task such as playing your radio can be one way to stop the aggressive driver.When in a situation of road rage you should always think of your loved ones and never get out of your car. When in the scary emotional situation you should ignore the idiots that have started the road rage. Along with all these steps remember to always to ignore the payback temptations. In conclusion, Road rage is a severe problem on the road ways and needs to be prevented. Not only can there be damage done to your car but also road rage can result in death. To help prevent road rage remember the tips from above and always remember to never get frustrated at other drivers while behind the wheel.

Petlink Microchip essayEssay Writing Service

Petlink Microchip essayEssay Writing Service Petlink Microchip essay Petlink Microchip essayThe new product to be introduced is the petlinc microchip, which allows identifying and tracking pets. The objective of this project is to build and implement a new chip equipped with limited tracking ability. This new chip would allow pet owners to track their pet should they need. Current pet chips can only be scanned not tracked. This new chip would allow pet owners to track their pet, catch animal thieves, and ultimately ease their own mind by knowing exactly where they can find their missing pet.Since a battery would limit they length of chip operation, it would instead be a sensor, that with a special tracking unit sends a signal throughout a certain radius, which in turn could be picked up with the device allowing owners to track and find their pets.Project management planThe first step of the project management plan is designing the product. The designing will include the generation of the idea of the product and creation of the model of the product th at may be further tested. The next step is programming that focuses on the elaboration and implementation of the software required for the product. Programming is very important, taking into consideration the fact that the petlink microchip will be a highly technological product and the effectiveness of software determines the overall effectiveness of the product. Furthermore, purchasing is essential for the construction of production facilities and required licenses to launch the production process. The next step is manufacturing, when the production process begins and the company is ready to manufacture the required amount of microchips. Finally, the implementation begins, when the distribution channels and suppliers of materials required for the production of petlink microchip are identified and human resources are recruited.Project executionThere will be 4 teams working on the project and its specific elements, including design, programming, manufacturing, and testing. These fou r teams will cooperate and transit the product from one stage to another. The design team will design the product and transmit it to the programming team. The programming team will create the software and install it and test it on the product to transmit the product to the manufacturing. The manufacturing team will manufacture the product, while testing team will complete tests to prove the reliability of the product or find drawbacks that have to be eliminated before the mass production of the microchip.Monitor and control project and deliverables  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Control officers will conduct monitoring and control over the implementation of the project. They will monitor the implementation of the plan and identify challenges and difficulties the project confronts. They will report those difficulties and problems to the project team, which will take a decision to resolve those problems and keep the project running smoothly.Project closing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project closing comprises an integral part of the project, which involves the completion of the project and the successful introduction of the petlink microchip along with the launch of its mass production. As sales of the new product will start, the project manager should monitor the performance of the new product and its marketing progress. The project closing will occur, when the product shifts toward the stable growth stage to reach the saturation stage in the lifecycle of the product. After that, depending on the marketing performance of the petlink microchip, the project may be measured in terms of its successfulness.

Raise Money to Publish Your Books

Raise Money to Publish Your Books I receive a dozen requests for money to publish per week. Sometimes more. Some just want me to write them a check. Others want me to point them to a grant that covers all costs. Sometimes I can find a small grant for them to apply to (usually in the hundreds at most), but I always point them toward crowdfunding. Youd be amazed at how many people dont want crowdfunding. The reasons are crazy (and these are from actual emails): 1) You have to work too hard; 2) You have to understand how to do a video; 3) You have to know people to promote to; 4) Part of the money goes to someone else (i.e., the crowdfunding entity); 5) Most crowdfunding doesnt succeed, so the odds of failing make it not worth the trouble; 6) I dont like marketing. Well, sweet people, if you think any of the above, then you really should not be publishingperiod. You will experience all of the above (with maybe the exception of the video) in whatever publishing experience you choose. Writers all over the world are choosing crowdfunding to jump-start their books. In case you do not understand crowdfunding, it consists of this: 1) You study publishing projects on crowdfunding sites to get an idea of what makes for success. 2) You sign up with your project at one of the crowdfunding sites (Kickstarter.com, Indiegogo.com,RocketHub.com, Unbound.com, Crowdfunder.co.uk). 3) You decide how much you need (you pad it with the fee of the crowdfunding entity). 4) You decide what rewards you want to give to pledgers who offer to support your project (you work the expense of those rewards into your budget). 5) You set a time frame for supporters to pledge. 6) You post your video, budget, justification, endorsers, and/or description of your book/project. 7) You work it like a blog, a newsletter, a social media page. 8) You ask for support. You promote. You seek endorsements. Again, you promote. Learn more here: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/sep/14/how-kickstarter-became-one-of-the-biggest-powers-in-publishing-crowdfunding You want money to publish your book? Crowdfund. If you find you arent successful crowdfunding, then step back and study what you need to change, because its your prowess at crowdfunding that serves as a barometer as to how well youd sell any book.with any publisher.in any genre.at any time.