European History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

European History - Essay Example The ideas of these same great leaders, however, triggered the outbreak of two great wars – the American and the French Revolutions – in the latter part of the 1700s. These people had high regard for man, being superior over all of God’s creations because of his ability to reason. Relatively, they contrasted reason with what they believed were in dominance during the Middle Ages – the uncritical acceptance of authority, together with superstition and ignorance. These individuals also blamed the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church for keeping the people in the dark in order to satisfy their personal ambition, which was to stay in power. Among the products of the Enlightenment Age was Francois-Marie Arouet, popularly known as Voltaire. A native of Paris, France, and a son of a lawyer, Voltaire studied in a Jesuit school wherein most students came from the nobility. His company was sought by the Paris society due to his extraordinary ability to write verses, as well as his ability to make people laugh and because of his natural cleverness. Voltaire became extremely wealthy through inheritance and wise investment. He also became popular and was considered to be the greatest French playwright of his time. However, in 1726, his success came to an end when the Chevalier de Rohan a young and influential nobleman had him beaten by his men before having him thrown into the Bastille again as prisoner. According to historians, it all started when the Chevalier de Rohan asked for Voltaire’s name in a mocking manner; the former’s question implied that the latter was claiming to be of noble descent when in fact he was nothing but a commoner. During the time he was in prison, Voltaire was allowed to choose between remaining a prisoner in France or to be put on exile. Upon choosing the latter, Voltaire left France and lived in England for three years, where he found

Internet mini case Essay Example for Free

Internet mini case Essay Williams-Sonoma (WSM) was a specialty retailer of products for the home. The company’s products were sold through two channels: the retail channel and the direct-to-customer channel. The retail segment comprised four retail concepts: Williams-Sonoma, Pottery Barn, Pottery Barn Kids, and Hold Everything. The direct-to-customer segment sold though eight retail catalogs: Williams-Sonoma, Pottery Barn, Pottery Barn Kids, Pottery Barn Bed + Bath, PB Teen, Hold Everything, West Elm, and Williams-Sonoma Home (which incorporated elements from the previously separate Chambers) as well as through four e-commerce sites. The catalogs reached customers throughout the United States, and the four retail businesses operated 522 stores in 42 states and Washington, DC. The retail segment accounted for 58.9% of total sales; the direct-to-customer segment accounted for 41.1% in fiscal 2003. Charles E. Williams, Director Emeritus of the company in 2003, founded Williams-Sonoma in 1956 to offer high-end culinary and serving equipment in an upscale retail environment. The company entered the direct-to-customer channel in 1972, with the introduction of its flagship catalog, â€Å"A Catalog for Cooks,† which marketed the Williams-Sonoma brand. In 1983, the company internally developed the Hold Everything catalog to offer innovative and stylish storage solutions for home and home office. The success of the catalog led to the opening of the first Hold Everything retail store in 1985. In 1986, the company acquired Pottery Barn, at that time a marginally successful retailer and direct-to-customer merchant featuring a large assortment of casual home furnishings and accessories including furniture, lamps and lighting fixtures, rugs, window treatments, linens, dinnerware, and glassware. In 1989, Williams-Sonoma created Chambers, a direct-to-customer merchandiser of high-quality, premium-priced linens, towels, robes, soaps, and accessories for bed and bath. This case was prepared by Professor Maryanne M. Rouse, MBA, CPA, University of South Florida. Copyright  © 2005 by Professor Maryanne M. Rouse. This case cannot be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright holder, Maryanne M. Rouse. Reprint permission is solely granted to the publisher, Prentice Hall, for the books, Strategic Management and Business Policy – 10th and 11th Editions (and the International version of this book) and Cases in Strategic Management and Business Policy – 10th Edition by the copyright holder, Maryanne M. Rouse. This case was edited for SMBP and Cases in SMBP – 10th Edition. The copyright holder is solely responsible for case content. Any other publication of the case (translation, any form of electronics or other media) or sold (any form of partnership) to another publisher will be in violation of copyright law, unless Maryanne M. Rouse has granted an additional written reprint permission. In early 1999, the company launched both its Williams-Sonoma Internet wedding and gift registry web site and its Williams-Sonoma e-commerce site. Later that year, the company launched a separate Pottery Barn Kids catalog to offer well-made, stylish children’s furniture and decorative accessories. (Pottery Barn Kids was one of the first concepts to market in what is expected to be a major growth segment during the next decade, as birthrates in the United States. are expected to surpass rates achieved at any time in the past 30 years. Birthrates among older women are soaring, and older moms tend to be wealthier and more willing to splurge on their children.) Pottery Barn Kids stores were opened adjacent to Pottery Barn stores across the United States, and by September 2004, there were 78 stores. Edward Mueller, Williams-Sonoma CEO, expected Pottery Barn Kids to be the primary growth vehicle for the company over the next several years. Williams-Sonoma launched its Pottery Barn web site and created a separate Pottery Barn Bed + Bath catalog in 2000. In 2001, the company added a Pottery Barn Kids web site, and a Pottery Barn online gift and bridal registry, and it opened five new retail stores in Toronto, Ontario. In line with its related diversification growth strategy, Williams-Sonoma tested a new catalog in summer 2002, under the West Elm brand. This new brand targeted young, design-conscious customers seeking to furnish first homes/apartments/lofts with quality furniture and accessories at affordable price points. West Elm product categories included furniture, decorative accessories, and an extensive textiles collection. In 2003, Williams-Sonoma expanded its catalog mailings for West Elm, added a web site, and opened its first retail store. Williams-Sonoma launched PB Teen with a catalog and web site in late April 2003. PB Teen was intended to fill the market space between Pottery Barn and Pottery Barn Kids with hip, exclusively designed furniture, rugs, lighting, bedding, and accessories promoted with its catalog, interactive web site, special sales campaigns, and contests. The company’s newest concept, Williams-Sonoma Home, was introduced in third quarter 2004 to tap into what company Chairman William H. Lester noted had been an empty space between the Pottery Barn demographic and designer home furnishings. Lester hoped to position this brand extension as an upscale furniture concept that would be more classic and less fashion-forward than Pottery Barn. Dave DeMattei, Williams-Sonoma’s President of Emerging Brands, noted that the look of casual elegance was â€Å"aspirational,† using an industry term for a product that helps a consumer trade up without necessarily spending top dollar. This new home collection, put together by Steven Brady, former President for Home Design at Ralph Lauren Home, featured down-plumped sofas ranging from $2,200 to $5,800 and $3,000 leather headboards as well as crystal lamps, cashmere throws, and the upscale linens formerly featured in the company’s Chambers catalog. (The company planned to fold the Chambers catalog into the Williams-Sonoma Home catalog.) Although some industry watchers questioned whether consumers would be willing to buy somewhat pricey furnishing sight-unseen, the company’s alliances with decorators, who would get trade discounts, were expected to help overcome initial resistance. The first Williams-Sonoma Home retail stores were expected to open early in 2 005. Retail Stores As of September 2004, Williams-Sonoma operated a total of 522 retail stores located in 42 states, the District of Columbia, and Toronto, Ontario: 242 Williams-Sonoma, 176 Pottery Barn, 82 Pottery Barn Kids, 7 Hold Everything, 1 West Elm, and 14 outlet stores. The company leased rather than owned its retail space. As of September 2004, the company’s gross leased square feet totaled 4,292,000, with 2,705,000 â€Å"selling† square feet. Lease terms ranged from 3 to 23 years. The average square feet per retail location increased from 7,660 in 2002 to 8,200 by August 2004, as the company replaced older, smaller Pottery Barn stores with larger stores carrying a wider variety of merchandise, including furniture. Direct-to-Customer Operations The direct-to-customer segment sold a variety of products through eight catalogs and e-commerce web sites. The company sent its catalogs to addresses from its proprietary customer lists as well as to names it received in exchange (or purchases) from other mail-order merchandisers, magazines, and other companies. The direct-to-customer business complemented the retail business by building customer awareness of the brand and acting as an effective promotional vehicle. Williams-Sonoma also used its catalogs and e-commerce sites as a cost-efficient means of testing market acceptance of new products. As of 2004, of the eight merchandising concepts, the Pottery Barn brand and its extensions had been the major source of sales growth in this segment for the previous several years. A good deal of Pottery Barn’s success was attributed to its ability to create a â€Å"lifestyle brand.† A brand gained â€Å"lifestyle† status via style, innovation, and appeal to customers who wanted to lead a particular style of life; in short, it allowed the company to reach a higher level in terms of the connection it made with the customer. Facilities/Locations Williams-Sonoma leased centralized distribution facilities in Olive Branch, Mississippi (2,152,000 square feet), and Memphis, Tennessee (1,515,000 square feet), and call centers in Las Vegas, Oklahoma City, and Camp Hill, Pennsylvania (approximately 36,000 square feet in each location). Distribution centers served both the company’s retail locations and fulfillment operations. The company also leased office, warehouse, design/photo studio, and data center space in California, New York, and Florida. In February, Williams-Sonoma purchased headquarters offices in San Francisco. Suppliers The company’s sourcing strategy included relationships with manufacturers in over 40 countries. Approximately 58% of merchandise purchases were from non-U.S. vendors, most of which were located in Europe and Asia. Substantially all of the company’s foreign purchases of merchandise were negotiated and paid for in U.S. dollars. Any event causing a sudden disruption or delay of imports from foreign vendors, including the imposition of additional import restrictions, restrictions on the transfer of funds and/or increased tariffs or quotas, or both, against home-centered items could increase the cost or reduce merchandise availability. No supplier accounted for more than 4% of Williams-Sonoma’s total purchases. Finance In fiscal 2003 (fiscal year ended February 1, 2004), Williams-Sonoma reported a 16.7% increase in net revenues over the prior year, the highest pretax operating margin and earnings per share in the company’s history and an increasing return on assets. Williams-Sonoma’s profit for the quarter ended August 1, 2004, jumped 55% as sales surged at the company’s Pottery Barn and outlet stores. Revenue for second quarter 2004 increased 19%, to $689.6 million, with direct-to-customer sales up an impressive 27%. Pottery Barn and Pottery Barn Kids drove second quarter retail growth with same-store sales increases of 10.2%; however, same-store sales at the company’s Williams-Sonoma stores slid 1.6%. The closing price for Williams-Sonoma stock on October 14, 2004, was $36.33. (Note: Williams-Sonoma’s annual and quarterly reports and SEC filings are available via the company’s web site, www.williams-sonomainc.com, and www.wsj.com ) The Industry The specialty retail business was highly competitive and characterized by a number of challenges, including: Anticipating and quickly responding to changing consumer demands Maintaining favorable brand recognition and effectively marketing products to consumers in diverse market segments Developing innovative, high-quality products in colors and styles that appealed to consumers of varying age groups and tastes Competitively pricing products and achieving customer perception of value Providing strong and effective marketing support Specialty retail exhibited the low entry barriers characteristic of fragmented industries, barriers that may be all but eliminated with the increased popularity of the Internet. Favored products for online shopping included computers, books, CDs, electronics, toys, and housewares. Over time, industry analysts expected catalog retailing to merge with e-tailing as web sites become electronic catalogs. For successful companies with strong brand names, the combination of stores and web sites would be a powerful one; however, expenditures for e-commerce sites would hurt profitability in the short run. Competitors Williams-Sonoma’s specialty retail stores, mail-order catalogs, and Internet web sites competed with other retail stores, other mail-order catalogs, and other e-commerce web sites that marketed similar lines of merchandise. The company competed with national, regional, and local businesses as well as traditional furniture stores, department stores and specialty stores. The substantial sales growth in the direct-to-customer industry within the past decade had encouraged both the entry of new competitors and an increase in competition from established companies. Direct competitors included such national companies as Crate Barrel, Restoration Hardware, Pier 1 Imports, and Bombay Company, as well as regional companies such as the Door Store, Rolling Pin Kitchen Emporium, Home Elements, and Expressions. Crate Barrel A counterculture story of the 1960s, Crate Barrel opened its first store in Chicago’s Old Town in 1962 and mailed its first catalog in 1967. Privately held Crate Barrel prided itself on designing beautiful store displays that were difficult to copy and worked diligently to find products from smaller, out-of-the way factories that made beautiful products that consumers could afford. Although the company had significantly fewer brick-and-mortar locations (84 retail and outlet stores) than the Williams-Sonoma retail concepts with which it competed, Crate Barrel marketed nationwide via its catalogs and web site. Restoration Hardware Restoration Hardware grew from just 20 stores in 1997 to 104 at the end of 2001, barely 37 behind Pottery Barn in brick-and-mortar locations; however, the company had had a difficult time managing growth. Its aggressive expansion between 1998 and 2000 cost it two years of profits and sank the value of its stock to as low as $.50 a share in December 2000, from $37 a share in 1998, the year it went public. The closing price for its stock on May 19, 2002, was $10.19. Both Restoration Hardware and Pottery Barn sold high-dollar, vintage-style furniture and home furnishings and had many other characteristics in common, including significant growth in direct-to-customer sales. Industry observers estimated that while Pottery Barn targeted the wealthiest 20% of Americans, Restoration Hardware targeted the wealthiest 10%. Whimsical nostalgia had been a big seller for Restoration Hardware for several years, with such items as retro tools, steamer chairs that could have come straight from the set of Titanic, shot glasses decorated with optometrists’ eye charts, and down-filled â€Å"foot duvets† proving hugely popular with shoppers. Restoration Hardware’s not-so-secret weapon in the battle for upscale customers could well have been Gary Friedman. In spring 2001, Friedman, who managed Pottery Barn’s explosive growth in the 1990s, was named CEO of Restoration Hardware after having been passed over for the top job at Williams-Sonoma. Pier 1 Imports Pier 1 Imports comprised three chains of retail stores operating under the names Pier 1 Imports, The Pier, and Cargo. Products offered included a wide variety of furniture, decorative home furnishings, dining and kitchen goods, bath and bedding, and other specialty items for the home. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2004 (fiscal 2003), it operated 1,015 Pier 1 stores in the United States and 68 Pier 1 stores in Canada, and it also supported 8 franchised stores in the United States. In addition, it operated 29 stores located in the United Kingdom under the name The Pier and 40 Cargokids stores located in the United States. Pier 1 also supplied merchandise, and it licensed the Pier 1 Imports name to Sears Mexico and Sears Puerto Rico, which sold Pier 1 merchandise in a store-within-a-store format in 20 Sears Mexico stores and in 7 Sears Puerto Rico stores. The Bombay Company The Bombay Company’s retail stores and catalog emphasized classic traditional furniture, wall decor, and accessories. Furniture included both wood and metal ready-to-assemble furniture designed for the bedroom, living room, dining room, and home office. Functional and decorative accessories included lamps, jewelry, baskets, candles, scents, ceramics, frames, and desktop items. Wall decor included prints and mirrors. On January 31, 2004, the company operated 415 stores in 42 states and 56 stores in 9 Canadian provinces, as well as 46 outlet stores. The company viewed the outlets as an opportunity to increase sales to a different customer base, to assist in the orderly clearance of merchandise, and to further capitalize on its strength in designing and sourcing proprietary products. Accessories, the broadest category offered by the company, accounted for 43% of sales in 2003, while large furniture accounted for 31%, and ready-to-assemble products 14%, with wall decor accounting for the remaining 12%. Door Store The privately held Door Store operated nine retail locations in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Its products included contemporary and traditional case goods and upholstered furniture; it competed with both Pottery Barn and Hold Everything. The company’s product strategy was to anticipate trends in furniture and to make quality furniture available to style-conscious customers at â€Å"prices almost too good to be true.† The Door Store also marketed via its web site and shipped nationwide. Rolling Pin Kitchen Emporium This privately held franchise kitchen and housewares concept, with headquarters in Little Rock, Arkansas, had store locations in regional and upscale malls in Arkansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. In addition to retail sales, the company marketed nationwide via catalogs and its web site. The Rolling Pin competed with Williams-Sonoma. Other Competitors Other competitors across retail concepts included local and regional furniture and specialty stores, department stores, and direct-ship manufacturers. Williams-Sonoma’s expansion from the kitchen into the rest of the home with its flagship brand via the new Williams-Sonoma Home concept was expected to reorder a landscape dominated by traditional retailers such as Ethan Allen and Room Board and by â€Å"tastemakers† such as Martha Stewart for Bernhardt and Ralph Lauren Home.

Is Equality Truly Equal? Essay -- Gender Pay Gap, Glass Ceilings

Women have always been paid less than men for doing the same work of the same quality. We are at a point in history where all people are considered to be equal, especially in this country. But even in this â€Å"equal world, women are still paid less. Is this what equal looks like? We can’t just brag about being of the forerunners of the modern world, we have to actually practice what we preach. The worst part of this inequality is that most people are oblivious to this pay gap; employees are usually prohibited from sharing the amount they are being paid. A large number of families that this affects are single mother families where there is only one paycheck to provide for the entire family. â€Å"In 2010, in nearly two-thirds of families (63.9 percent), a mother was either the breadwinner†¦When women’s wages are lowered due to gender discrimination, their families’ incomes are often significantly lowered as well† (Glynn). This is a problem that is c onstantly being ignored, but no more, it must be addressed in order to make equality equal. Because employers assume that women are prone to focus more time on their family and less towards furthering their own career, therefore we should pass the Paycheck Fairness Act of 2013, since the law would provide the same pay to women as to men; equal work for equal pay. The Women's Rights Movement, which began in 1848, sought out to achieve full civil rights in this country. From this movement women ultimately gained the right to vote. In addition, the American Equal Rights Association was founded, the Working Women's Protective Union in New York was established, the National Labor Union supported equal pay for equal work, and the Association for the Advancement of Women was formed. During World War I... ...Unchanged Since 2002.† National Partnership for Women & Families. National Partnership for Women & Families. 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 5 Nov. 2013 Noguchi, Yuki. â€Å"50 Years After The Equal Pay Act, Gender Wage Gap Endures.† NPR. NPR. 10 June 2013. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. O’Brien, Susie. "More Pay For Men Women Miss Out On $165 A Week, Thanks To Gender Pay Gap." Herald Sun (Melbourne)(2013): 11. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. â€Å"The Paycheck Fairness Act: The Next Step in the Fight for Fair Pay.† National Organization for Women. National Organization for Women. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. Waldron, Travis. â€Å"The 10 Jobs With The Biggest Gender Wage Gap.† ThinkProgress. Center for American Progress Action Fund. 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. Will, George F. "A New Project For The Gender Police." Newsweek156.14 (2010): 24. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.

The Alternate Ending to the Monkeys Paw

The monkeys paw The old delusional lady snatched the paw away from his grasp, mumbling excitedly to herself she held the paw tight and said fiercely ‘I wish my son alive again. ’ She frequently repeated it over and over until it became a jumbled chant; when suddenly a slow but insistent knock rang through the desolate house. Mrs White leapt up at the first sluggish rap, ‘My boy, my boy is finally here! ’ she cried repeatedly fixing her dishevelled hair combing her hands through the straggle and fixing an almost hysterical smile upon her withered face ‘Oh do come meet our boy darling, I forgot that the cemetery is two miles from here†¦ and her chatter continued to herself, making imaginary plans, hauling on her best gloves and fur lined coat, she strode down the stairs with an air of excitement and bliss. Mr White stood at the space where his wife had been standing, and absent minded picked up the withered paw that had been discarded onto the floor , he gasped and remembered the face in the fire that he had seen on the night the major had been to visit him, the day that he had greedily wished for two hundred pounds; and unfortunately got it.Coming back to his senses he rushed down the stairs after his wife to find her struggling with the large ebony bolt secrured firmly in place. ‘Help me with the bolt; it’s too heavy. ’ She said. Instead of helping the old woman, he tried tug her away from the vast bolt but she nudged me with such power that Mr White was hurled to the other side of the parler, causing him to knock his head on the mantle piece and observe his abberant wife throw open the door,turn pale with shock and recoil in disgust and trying to close the door on the hidious monster that was once their son but was thrown against the wall as the monster barged in.The old man’s vision grew dark and he slipped away to unconsciousness. When Mr White awoke he sat up stiffly and stood up slowly, walking towards the now severed door, and bent down and picked up a delicate glove it was almost unidentifiable; he dropped the glove in disgust and walked over to what once was the parlour, Mr White sat down in his large mahogany chair and began to silently weep, clutching the wretched paw in his wrinkled hand and wished his third wish ‘I wish I was dead. ’ And with that he fell into a deep eternal sleep that someday we must all face.

Group Leader Charateristics

Reflecting feelings: Reflecting feelings involves identifying client emotions and then paraphrasing this affective component back to the client. Group leaders use this skill to let members know that they are being heard and understood. 2. Confronting: Confrontation is used to assist clients to identify and consider discrepancies in their thoughts, behaviors, and feelings in order to resolve their problems and issues. Confrontation could be seen as an attack; therefore many leaders shy away from onfrontation because they fear its possible repercussions.Skilled group counselors only confront when they care about the person, and they do so in a way that gives the person ample opportunity to consider what is being said. 3. Interpreting: Interpreting is to provide clients with a broader understanding of their behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, and feelings. If a group leader is not sensitive to the client willingness or unwillingness to accept it the interpretation may be rejected.Interpreti ng too soon or in a dogmatic way or encouraging the members to become dependent on the leader to provide meanings and answers are common mistakes of interpreting. 4. Goal setting: Goal setting allows a client to have a long-term vision and short-term motivation. By setting goals one can achieve more, improve self- confidence, and increase motivation to achieve the set goal. In group counseling the productive goal is at the core, to help members select and clarify their own specific goals. 5.Active Listening: Active listening involves paraphrasing and summarizing the client's emotions back to them, asking questions to express what they feel or believe or asking questions to achieve a better understanding of what is being communicated. As a group leader the goal is to listen, many leaders focus to intently on the content and in doing so do not pay enough attention to the way in which group members express themselves. Reference Corey, G. (2012). Theory and practice of group counseling (8th ed. ) Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole ed. )

Definition and Examples of Diazeugma

Definition and Examples of Diazeugma Diazeugma is a  rhetorical term for a sentence construction in which a single subject is accompanied by multiple verbs. Also called  the play-by-play or multiple yoking. The verbs in a diazeugma are usually arranged in a parallel series. Brett Zimmerman points out that diazeugma is an effective way to emphasize action and to help ensure a swift pace to the narrativea sense of many things happening, and quickly (Edgar Allan Poe: Rhetoric and Style, 2005). Etymology From the Greek, disjoining Examples and Observations The seven of us discussed, argued, tried, failed, tried again.(Patrick Rothfuss,  The Wise Mans Fear. DAW, 2011)Swallows dart, dip, dive, swiftly pluck perching insects from slow-moving current.(Robert Watts Handy, River Raft Pack of Weeping Water Flat. Writers Showcase, 2001)Reality demands that you look at the present, and doesnt have time for illusion. Reality lives, loves, laughs, cries, shouts, gets angry, bleeds, and dies, sometimes all in the same instant.(Allen Martin Bair, The Rambles of a Wandering Priest. WestBow Press, 2011Immigrants contribute economically, politically and culturally to American society in the same way native-born Americans do: they go to work or school, raise their children, pay taxes, serve in the military, hold public office, volunteer in the community, and so on.(Kimberley Hicks, How to Communicate With Your Spanish Asian Employees. Atlantic Publishing, 2004) The Play-by-Play Figure Another figure of speech makes one noun serve a cluster of verbs. Hockey announcers use this figure, multiple yoking, when they do play-by-play:Announcer: Labombier takes the puck, gets it past two defenders, shoots . . . misses . . . shoots again, goal!Multiple yoking, the play-by-play figure. Formal name: diazeugma.(Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion. Three Rivers Press, 2007)Used to and would are good for long series of verbs:On weekdays he used to/would get up, make the breakfast, do the washing-up, pack his sandwiches, put the bins out, say goodbye to his wife and go to work.(Paul Lambotte, Harry Campbell, and John Potter, Aspects of Modern English Usage for Advanced Students. De Boeck Supà ©rieur, 1998 Shakespeares Use of Diazeugma My lord, we haveStood here observing him: Some strange commotionIs in his brain: he bites his lip, and starts;Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground,Then, lays his finger on his temple; straight,Springs out into fast gait; then, stops again,Strikes his breast hard; and anon, he castsHis eye against the moon: in most strange posturesWe have seen him set himself.(Norfolk in William Shakespeares Henry VIII, Act Three, scene 2 Whitmans Use of Diazeugma As to me I know of nothing else but miracles,Whether I walk the streets of Manhattan,Or dart my sight over the roofs of houses toward the sky,Or wade with naked feet along the beach just in the edge of the water,Or stand under trees in the woods,Or talk by day with any one I love, or sleep in the bed at night with any one I love,Or sit at table at dinner with the rest,Or look at strangers opposite me riding in the car,Or watch honey-bees busy around the hive of a summer forenoon . . ..(Walt Whitman, Miracles) Pronunciation die-ah-ZOOG-muh

EOC Study Guide Essay

EOC Study Guide Essay EOC Study Guide Essay Jocelyn Hochsztein 4/28/14 P.2 E.O.C Exam Study Guide 1. A chromosomal disorder is a chromosome anomaly, abnormality, or aberration is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. 2. Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosome pairs or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. An example is Pallister-Killian syndrome. 3. A human cell contains twenty-three pairs of autosomal chromosomes. 4. A human cell contains two sex chromosomes. 5. The components of a DNA molecule consist of two separate strands of DNA running in opposite directions. The three major components in each strand are Deoxyribose, a sugar (notably lacking an oxygen compared to Ribose, which is found in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nucleotide. In the case of DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Thymine. 6. DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. 7. Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. 8. The components of an RNA molecule are a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and ribose sugar. 9. The different RNA molecules are iRNA (interference RNA), RNA interference (RNAi), tmRNA, and Piwi-interacting RNAs. 10. The product of transcription is a strand of messenger RNA. 11. There are several classes of mutations. These include substitution, insertion, deletion, and frameshift. 12. Usually when codons code for the same amino acid, one of the three nucleotide sequences are slightly different. For example, let's say you have AAT and AAC. Without looking at a table of amino acids, you can probably interpret that these two codons code for the same amno acid. But if you have two codons like GGC and AGT, these two are completely unrelated and will not code for the same amino acid. 13. DNA carries the genetic information of a cell and consists of thousands of genes. Each gene serves as a recipe on how to build a protein molecule. Proteins perform important tasks for the cell functions or serve as building blocks. The flow of information from the genes determines the protein composition and thereby the functions of the cell. 14. Selective breeding is simply the process of a breeder developing a cultivated breed over time and then selecting which ones are suitable enough to pass on to the next generation and it has a number of benefits. Some of them are that breeders get to choose which animals fit their criteria; hence more of the right kind of animal can be produced, thus making more products. 15. Inbreeding often causes recessive mutation and diseases of the offspring. 16. The ultimate source of genetic variability is mutation. It is the only way that new alleles and genes are created. 17. The purpose of genetic engineering is to try to re-arrange the genetic structure of living things to create an outcome, either in appearance, behavior or bio-chemical, that we want or need. 18. It is important to know the DNA sequence of an organism because knowing the sequence of an organism's DNA allows researchers to study specific genes. 19. Gel electrophoresis is a process that is used in order to extract DNA. This has also been used to purify the DNA. The DNA is made to polarize in a particular direction. 20. Most transformed cells die because they are too abnormal to function or are abnormal enough for the body's immune system to destroy them. However, if the factors promoting neoplasia persist, a transformed cell may some day give rise to a clone that does continue to grow. 21. What is meant by â€Å"survival of the fittest† is that individuals that are best equipped to survive and reproduce perpetuate the highest frequency of genes to descendant populations.

Timeline of the Andean Cultures of South America

Timeline of the Andean Cultures of South America Archaeologists working in the Andes traditionally divide the cultural development of the Peruvian civilizations into 12 periods, from the Preceramic period (ca 9500 BC) through the Late Horizon and into the Spanish conquest (1534 CE). This sequence was initially created by archaeologists John H. Rowe and Edward Lanning and it was based on the ceramic style and radiocarbon dates from the Ica Valley of the South Coast of Peru, and later extended to the whole region. The Preceramic Period (before 9500–1800 BC), literally, the period before pottery was invented, spans from the first arrival of humans in South America, whose date is still debated, until the first use of ceramic vessels. The following eras of ancient Peru (1800 BC-AD 1534) have been defined by archaeologists using an alternation of so-called â€Å"periods† and â€Å"horizons† which end with the arrival of the Europeans. The term â€Å"Periods† indicates a timeframe in which independent ceramic and art styles were widespread across the region. The term â€Å"Horizons† defines, in contrast, periods in which specific cultural traditions managed to unify the whole region. Preceramic Period Preceramic Period I (before 9500 B.C.E.): First evidence of human occupation of Peru comes from groups of hunters of this tradition are the Chivateros (I) industry and the long and narrow Paijan points. Other important sites are Ushumachay, Telarmachay, Pachamachay.Preceramic Period III (8000–6000 B.C.E.): From this period, it is possible to recognize different cultural tradition, such as the Northwestern Tradition, where the site of Nanchoc dates to ca 6000 BC, the Paijan Tradition, the Central Andean Tradition, whose widespread lithic tradition has been found in many cave sites, such as the famous Lauricocha (I) and Guitarrero caves, and, finally, the Atacama Maritime Tradition, at the border between Peru and Chile, where the Chinchorro culture developed about 7000 years ago. Other important sites are Arenal, Amotope, Chivateros (II). Preceramic Period IV (6000–4200 B.C.E.): The hunting, fishing and foraging traditions developed during the previous periods continue. However, toward the end of this period, a climatic change allows for early plant cultivation. Important sites are Lauricocha (II), Ambo, Siches.Preceramic Period V (4200–2500 B.C.E.): This period corresponds to a relative stabilization of the sea level along with warmer temperatures, especially after 3000 BC. Increase in domesticated plants: squashes, chili peppers, beans, guavas and, most of all, cotton. Important sites are Lauricocha (III), Honda.Preceramic Period VI (2500–1800 B.C.E.): The last of the Preceramic periods is characterized by the emergence of monumental architecture, population increase, and widespread production of textiles. Different cultural traditions are recognizable: in the highlands, the Kotosh tradition, with the sites of Kotosh, La Galgada, Huaricoto, and along the coast, the monumental sites of Caral  S upe / Norte Chico tradition, including Caral, Aspero, Huaca Prieta, El Paraiso, La Paloma, Bandurria, Las Haldas, Piedra Parada. Initial through Late Horizon Initial Period (1800 – 900 B.C.E.): This period is marked by the appearance of pottery. New sites emerge along the coastal valleys, exploiting the rivers for cultivation. Important sites of this period are Caballo Muerto, in the Moche valley, Cerro Sechin and Sechin Alto in the Casma valley; La Florida, in the Rimac valley; Cardal, in the Lurin valley; and Chiripa, in the Titicaca basin.Early Horizon (900 – 200 B.C.E.): The Early Horizon sees the apogee of Chavin de Huantar in the northern highland of Peru and the successive widespread of the Chavin culture and its artistic motifs. In the South, other important sites are Pukara and the famous coastal necropolis of Paracas.Early Intermediate Period (200 B.C.E. –600 C.E.): The Chavin influence wanes by 200 BC and the Early Intermediate period sees the emergence of local traditions like the Moche, and Gallinazo in the north coast, the Lima culture, in the central coast, and Nazca, in the south coast. In the northern highlands, the Marcahuamachuco and Recuay traditions arose. Huarpa tradition flourished in the Ayacucho basin, and in the southern highlands, Tiwanaku arose in the Titicaca basin. The Middle Horizon (600–1000 C.E.): This period is characterized by climatic and environmental changes in the Andean region, brought about by cycles of droughts and El Nià ±o phenomenon. The Moche culture of the north underwent a radical reorganization, with the move of its capital farther north and inland. In the center and south, the Wari society in the highland and Tiwanaku in the Titicaca basin expanded their dominion and cultural traits to the whole region: Wari toward north and Tiwanaku toward the southern zones.The Late Intermediate Period (1000–1476 C.E.): This period is signified by a return to independent polities governing different areas of the region. In the north coast, the Chimà º society with its huge capital Chan Chan. Still on the coast the Chancay, Chincha, Ica, and Chiribaya. In the highland regions, the Chachapoya culture arose in the north. Other important cultural traditions are the Wanka, who opposed a fierce resistance to the first expansion o f the Inca.Late Horizon (1476–1534 C.E.): This period spans from the emergence of the Inca empire, with the expansion of their dominion outside the Cuzco region until the arrival of the Europeans. Among important Inca sites are Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo.

My First Speech Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My First Speech Experience - Essay Example Within the next few paragraphs I shall look into what makes for a well structured speech and the other aspects of speech delivery that I can improve upon. My critique shall help to answer the following questions: 1. How did I prepare for my speech? How did I feel as I delivered the speech in front of the class? 2. What were my weak and strong points? 3. What would I do differently next time I deliver a speech? I chose to prepare for my speech by memorizing the content. I felt that by doing so I would be able to maintain eye contact with my audience and quite possibly lessen the nervousness that I would be feeling by being able to lock my eyes onto a particular target and concentrate on the target in the audience to help ease my tension. There was however, one drawback to my memorizing the whole speech. Once I got distracted and lost track of my thoughts, I froze and was almost unable to continue with my speech as I had to quickly start over the speech silently in my head so I could continue from what I felt was the point where I stopped. In order to prepare for the actual delivery of my speech, I spent numerous hours preparing by practicing my delivery in front of my classmates. I also made it a point to rehearse with a classmate from my speech class. He recorded my delivery and we reviewed the material after I delivered my speech in order to find my weak points then we went back and worked on those target areas for further improvement.

What is the current status of clinical gene therapy trials for Chronic Essay

What is the current status of clinical gene therapy trials for Chronic Granulomatous Disorder - Essay Example ests that the disease is present in ‘one in 250,000’ infants at birth, but the symptoms become evident only when the child reaches a few months of age (Assari 2006: 6). Only 21% of patients have survived the disease beyond the age of 7 previously, whereas the recent trends show improvement in the survival rates because of the ‘advancement in treatments’ (Assari 2006: 6). On the other hand, the disease can rarely occur in adults, and therefore, if someone has the problem of ‘recurrent infections’, it will be advisable to subject such individuals to an evaluation, irrespective of the age factor (Chung, Cyr & Ellis 2013: 2). Gene therapy, which is the intervention in a disease or disorder through introducing genes into the affected cells to set right the impacts of ‘specific gene mutations’, is one of the methods used in the treatment of CGD (Dugal & Chaudhary 2012: 4). However, evidence suggests that in order for the treatment to be effective, the appropriate gene will have to be incorporated into the target cell ‘specifically, efficiently and stably’ (Dugal & Chaudhary 2012: 4). On the other hand, it is also necessary to use the most appropriate vector for the introduction of the gene or gene delivery into the human cell. Research studies have identified lentiviral vectors (LVs) to be one of the effective and the ‘most widely used’ vectors in gene therapy (Dugal & Chaudhary 2012: 4). A study conducted by Assari (2006: 6) on mice found that gene therapy, using recombinant retroviral vectors, is an effective treatment for the reconstruction of normal neutrophils an d in building ‘resistance to pathogens’ such as Aspergillus. The author also contends that gene therapy, using retroviral vectors in two humans, has produced ‘encouraging results’ where both of them have attained remarkable levels of gene corrected cells and their clinical conditions show good improvement (Assari 2006: 6). Studies further substantiate the fact that gene

Issue In Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Issue In Financial Reporting - Essay Example In accordance to the general purpose of financial reporting, financial reports are used to provide the users with information about the reporting entity. The report that will be submitted by the Management Committee of RVCC will serve as a tool for the users for their evaluation since they are supported, given grants, and funded by some other entities (like that of Commonwealth Government and Queensland State Government). The financial reports well serve also transparencies for everybody to inform where all the money goes. If RVCCC will be able to submit the financial reports to their users, it will give the users ideas if the funds allocation or resources allocation they gave are efficient. In other words, this will gain the trust as well for RVCCC from their supporters and funding entity (Review of Business, 2005). The reports will also monitor the cash flows and will also serve as bases to their expenses. It is also well stated in the Definition of Reporting Entity (2001), that all they are entities like them are required to submit financial reports especially to public sectors that helps them, like that of the commonwealth Government and Queensland State Government. ... 2: For each of the following independent cases, discuss whether you believe the items mentioned would meet the definition and recognition criteria for the various elements as mentioned in the 'Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements (ie the AASB Framework). (Ensure that you provide reasons to support your answers in each case and state clearly any assumptions you have made in preparing your answers.): (a) Tate Retailers Ltd operates a chain of retail stores that specialize in the sale of rugby league products. Due to an economy-wide downturn, the company has decided to reduce staffing levels by offering voluntary redundancy packages to 200 of its employees. After agreement was reached with the unions, letters were sent to all employees shortly before the end of the reporting period inviting applications for the package. A response was required within 30 days, which was after the end of the reporting period. The company's board of directors estimates that the redundancies will cost the company $2 million. The financial controller of the company, Bob Johnson, is considering whether to record a provision for redundancies to account for the future redundancy payments to staff. Would this account satisfy the liability definition criteria in the AASB Framework Would this transaction meet the recognition criteria for liabilities according to the AASB Framework (Normally you would not con sider the recognition criteria if the definition for liabilities was not met. However, for the purposes of this assignment you should address the recognition criteria regardless of whether or not you determine that the definition criteria have been satisfied.) - This account shall satisfy the liability definition criteria in the ASBB Framework. Their employees

Reputation and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reputation and talent - Essay Example The negative media coverage creates bad publicity and inadequate talent development. Reputation and talent management ensures solutions to these labor challenges. As a potential Human Resource manager for the company, I have developed strategies that ensure effective and efficient management of talent and reputation in the company. Implementation of the strategies will be discussed during the meeting with the CEO of Foxconn, Terry Guo. Talent management is significant in ensuring superior results, through employing, advancing and retaining effective talent. Corporate reputation means the general estimation of the organization by stakeholders, according to previous performance. Many companies view their reputation as the most significant asset. Reputation is very significant for knowledge-based corporations, handling information technology products, like Foxconn. The paper analyzes the recommendations of improving talent and reputation of the company. Superior talent management at Foxconn entails several issues. The staffs should understand the present and future strategic goals of the company. The understanding ensures proper realization of the goals. The company uses a highly effective recruitment and staff advancement processes. This ensures entry of competent individuals in the organization. Staff advancement opportunities include adequate promotion and training opportunities. The factors driving talent management at Foxconn are also very important. Better talent ensures superior performance of the company; hence increase in customer base and profitability. Talent enhances value creation at Foxconn. Value creation ensures production of superior technology products that exceeds customer expectations. Talent management is appropriate for companies in the increasingly complex and changing global market environment. The staffs should be trained on

Agreements in the Package Holiday Industry and Market Opportunities Essay

Agreements in the Package Holiday Industry and Market Opportunities - Essay Example Package holidays are normally organized and structured by tour operators. These are the individuals or groups of people who put together different holiday elements into one package (Ryan, 1989). They then sell these packages directly to members of the public or indirectly through travel agents. Different holiday packages have different costs, depending on how they are structured. A normal package holiday may include the following: †¢ Accommodation †¢ Flights †¢ Meals †¢ Transfers Other elements of a package holiday can include: in-flight tickets, park tickets, ferry crossings and ski passes. Accommodation is normally offered by hotels or hostels in various tourism destinations. Transport is normally offered either by chartered or scheduled flight services. In the package industry, meals are normally offered on a board basis. This means that the tourist is offered meals depending on the type of board he takes up. Different types of board offered by package tour services include: †¢ Room only where there are no meals available †¢ Bed and breakfast where only breakfast is provided †¢ Half board where breakfast and an evening meal are the only meals provided †¢ Full board where the tourists can get three meals in a day: breakfast, lunch and an evening meal †¢ All or fully inclusive which normally includes three meals a day, soft drinks, snacks and locally available alcoholic drinks.

Reputation and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reputation and talent - Essay Example The negative media coverage creates bad publicity and inadequate talent development. Reputation and talent management ensures solutions to these labor challenges. As a potential Human Resource manager for the company, I have developed strategies that ensure effective and efficient management of talent and reputation in the company. Implementation of the strategies will be discussed during the meeting with the CEO of Foxconn, Terry Guo. Talent management is significant in ensuring superior results, through employing, advancing and retaining effective talent. Corporate reputation means the general estimation of the organization by stakeholders, according to previous performance. Many companies view their reputation as the most significant asset. Reputation is very significant for knowledge-based corporations, handling information technology products, like Foxconn. The paper analyzes the recommendations of improving talent and reputation of the company. Superior talent management at Foxconn entails several issues. The staffs should understand the present and future strategic goals of the company. The understanding ensures proper realization of the goals. The company uses a highly effective recruitment and staff advancement processes. This ensures entry of competent individuals in the organization. Staff advancement opportunities include adequate promotion and training opportunities. The factors driving talent management at Foxconn are also very important. Better talent ensures superior performance of the company; hence increase in customer base and profitability. Talent enhances value creation at Foxconn. Value creation ensures production of superior technology products that exceeds customer expectations. Talent management is appropriate for companies in the increasingly complex and changing global market environment. The staffs should be trained on

Essay of the Korean film my wife is a gangster(2001)

Of the Korean film my wife is a gangster(2001) - Essay Example not only revive the Korean cinema with the predominant feature of gangster movies but also with the concern of gender representations which was something that the Korean movies hadn’t seen before. Gangster movies have been a common aspect of the Korean films but the Korean film industry has seen a significant change since the release of mega-hit movies such as My Wife is a Gangster and My Sassy Girl. These films had changed the perception of gangster movies in the Korean culture as they involved an improved representation of women in the society (Choi, 2010). The film showed a female gangster who is looking for a husband to fulfill the wish of her dying sister. The woman simply ordered her supervisors to look for an appropriate man and when they found one, he is seen teaching her how to behave like an appropriate woman. The female gangster, Eun-jin is usually seen suppressing her husband and avoiding to do the homely chores that she is expected to do as a wife. She gets pregnant and at the same times gets in deeper trouble with her doings as a gangster. Traditionally, the representation of women and gangster movies in the Korean film industry were two different perceptions. Women in Korea were often depicted under the patriarchal conventions and were seen in movies such as romance or comedy. Even though My Wife is a Gangster saw women in a tough image, the overall representation of women was still seen from the male perspective not only in Korea but in most of the Asian countries. The Korean gangster films including women in tough roles did not tend to detect the misrepresentation of women and these films commonly concealed the misrepresentations of women. Many of the common spectators are unconsciously filled with the movie’s hidden meanings and their ideologies (Choi, 2010). The critical thinking on the Korean gangster movies until My Wife is a Gangster was related to suited men involved in gangster wars that had become the highest profiting trend for

Analysis of as new park case study Essay Example for Free

Analysis of as new park case study Essay Analysis of as new park case study Introduction                   The planning process involves developers, communities, engineers, planners, and government. The involvement of all the stakeholders in planning process ensures that a project is positively implemented in the public interests (Carmona, 2010). The new project would commence as an improvement the old city. The old city was widely used by women and children. Although it was developed 30 years ago, it still remained as the best choice for the people living at its vicinity. It formed the best recreation centre for people during warm winter season. The new park would replace the old trees, grass, and build new shades and buildings that would be used to shade people during hot weather. The case involved closed down of the old city for 2 years and relocation of people living around the city to place where there were no social amenities such as schools and recreation centre. The case represents of unethical issues that pertains to urban planning evident through the developers.                   The ethical issues include closure of the city and denying people their recreational facility. The new park development would deny people a chance to enjoy their recreational facilities, which is professionally unethical to a developer. In addition, the developer would be destroying people’s heritage on old trees and grass. The modern buildings would destroy the old trees and grass heritage in the new park. Moreover, it is not ethical to transfer people from their own comfort zone where they enjoyed social amenities such as schools, parks and other infrastructures such other shopping malls to a place where they no longer enjoy the amenities. The act is believed to on self- interests that do not care about other community. In planning process, it is important for planners and developers to consider professional ethics while executing their city planning so that respect between communities and the affected people is maintained (Allen, 2009).                   In this case, the most probable solution would be first to develop the area where the two communities would be relocated before relocating them. It would be most appropriate if the government could start by developing infrastructures such as roads, schools, hospitals, and recreational centres before displacing people in towns if the new park would not be avoidable. On the other hand, a new park could be developed elsewhere and the old one be renovated to maintain national heritage. Moreover, the old park renovation should not be closed for a long period and should developers should allow people to access the park even under constructions. The renovation of the park would ensure that the national heritage on traditional trees and grass would not be destroyed thus maintain it as way of protecting the countries indigenous species. This would ensure that people are not relocated from their original comfort zone. Consequently, development of area that the two communities were transferred would ensure that the communities’ living standards would not be affected except their geographical shift. The move would maintain the respect between the communities, planners, developers and engineers as their lives will not be affected.                   The solution approach where the planners would ensure that all the social amenities are developed before relocation would ensure that the professional code of ethics on the conscious on the right of a third party would be upheld (American Planning Association, 2009). In addition, the code of ethics on fairly dealing with all the people involved in the process will be highly upheld. However, the value of professional code of ethics on heritage will be violated through electing a new park and indigenous trees will be destroyed. The planners will have made sure that the decision making process involves all the party and thus no one would be negatively affected by the new project. Similarly, the second approach of electing the new park elsewhere would ensure professional code of ethics for planners to ensure social justice and responsibility not to disadvantage people would be upheld. This solution would ensure that people are not relocated and at the same t ime the national heritage is maintained. The value of heritage that is attributed to indigenous trees will be upheld while that of excellence design and updated design will be violated (American Planning Association, 2009).                   Both solutions would minimize the negative impacts of the planning in the city. However, the best solution will be to design and construct the new park elsewhere near the old park. The solutions to planning dispute safeguard the rights of the people and the professional ethics of the planners (Staatskoerant, 2011).The old park can only be renovated so that the heritage of the city will be upheld. Similarly, there would be relocation of people to new areas and thus they will be fairly treated and their lives will not be affected. In addition, the solution will ensure that people are not denied their rights to enjoy themselves during winter. Renovation for the old park could be done during summer when people are not using the park so that they would not be limited access during winter. The move will impact positively to people living there and would retain the respect of communities to developers.                   The solution would limit the planners, developers and engineers from implementing their own design and planning of the city. In addition, the people would not have a chance to enjoy a modern facility. However, there would still be a chance for them to construct a new park elsewhere in the city and increase the number of parks. One that would be rich in heritage and there other one would be modern. Although space and area allocation may be a problem, a new park elsewhere would stand out for this case. Conclusion                   In conclusion, it can be noted that planners, developers and engineers should highly consider professional ethics when carrying out new projects that would impact negatively to the public. All planning processes should involve all stakeholders and fair implementation of the project should be considered to avoid unethical issues that are evidenced in the case of new park development. References Allen, J. (2009).  Event planning: Ethics and etiquette : a principled approach to the business of special event management. Mississauga, Ont: Wiley. American Planning Association,. (2009). AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Planning.org. Retrieved 13 May 2014, from http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode.htm Carmona, M. (2010). Public places, urban spaces: the dimension of urban design. Oxon: Routledge. Staatskoerant,. (2011). Code of ethics and professional conduct for the urban and regional planning profession. Gov.za. Retrieved 13 May 2014, from http://www.gov.za/documents/download.php?f=147400 Source document

Amul as a brand name

Amul as a brand name Company information Amul as a brand name is familiar to almost every individual in India, Amul is known for its quality products purity and hygiene. For over more than the past 50 years Amul has been serving the consumers of India with a variety of quality products. Amul follows a business model to provide products to customers which provides value for money to the consumer. Amul has enjoyed its status of market leader in products like butter, cheese and dry milk, by providing customers with quality products at competitive prices. It is one of the largest food products manufacturing organisation of India. It is a Dairy Cooperative of Gujarat, also known as The Gujarat Cooperative milk marketing federation Ltd. Gujarat as a state of India is a leader in organizing dairy cooperatives and its success is not only limited in India but acts as a model for rest of the World. Over the last fifty odd years, Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat have created an economic network that connects more than 2.8 million village milk producers with million of consumers in India and abroad through a cooperative system. These cooperatives collect on an average 7.5 million litres of milk per day from the producers. Amul has brought a significant change in social and economic situation of our rural people. The Dairy Cooperatives have helped to bring an end to the exploitation of farmers and has increased the level of benefits to our rural producers of milk. The turnover of Amul during 2008-09 was Rs. 67.11 billion. Amul currently markets the products which are produced by the district milk unions in 30 dairy plants which work under the renowned brand name Amul. The total production capacity of these plants is 11.6 million litres per day, four of the dairy plants mentioned are having processing capacity of more than 1 million Litres per day. The Gujarat Cooperative milk marketing federation Ltd.(Amuls) Total Quality Management ensures that the quality of products meets its standards right from the starting place of milk producer through the value chain until it reaches the consumer thus Amul is trying to provide value to its customers which not only satisfies the customer needs but delights the customer. Amul cannot be considered as business enterprise which works primarily for the generation of profits. It is an institution created by the milk producers to primarily safeguard their economic and social interest. Business houses generate profits in order to distribute profit to shareholders in shape of dividend, whereas in case of Amul the surplus is ploughed back and distributed back to farmers through village societies. Amul has time and again came up with innovative advertising which has helped Amul to develop itself as a brand which appeals people with assurance of its quality. The creative advertisement of Amul has created a position of its products which is generating higher sales for Amul. For 30 odd years Amuls Utterly Butterly girl has managed to keep her fan following intact, the advertisements are now ready to enter the Guinness Book of World Records for being the longest running campaign ever. Business Mission As we take strides towards our future, we need a mission which create an objective for our organization so that we can direct our efforts in order to achieve organizational growth, this mission must be backed up by a set of action plans which may help us in achieving our objectives in a best possible manner Amul has prepared a comprehensive roadmap in order to guide that the dairy cooperatives of Gujarat to have a group turnover of Rs. 27000 crores by the year 2020. The company is planning on its expansion and through expansion the company will create fresh avenues for growth by catering to the rising demand for new products, this would include increasing the capacity for major product categories including milk powders, Ice-cream, paneer, cheese, curd, ghee and other dairy products. Milk drying capacity will also be enhanced. in order to to strengthen the presence of company in the large market, for liquid milk Special emphasis will be given to metropolitan cities.The company is plan ning to double its processing capacity of its plants to 20.7 million kg per day.The basic raw material of Amul products is milk and for increasing milk production nutritious feed should be provided to animals. For this very purpose the company is planning to expand its cattlefeed manufacturing capacity by 2020. Amuls achievement of its mission will not only be beneficial for the organization but it will be helpful for the development of economy as a whole. Marketing objective As a company the marketing objective of Amul is to provide quality products to the customers that satisfies their requirements. The company is manufacturing only those products which are not hazardous for the human consumption. In food items Amul is providing nutritious and good quality food to its customers at affordable prices, which is one of the main reason of its quality image in the mind of consumer. With the introduction of noodles to our product range we are providing a healthier product for our customers in shape of noodles with varied tastes and flavours. Regarding our sales objective we have set aggressive yet achievable objectives for the first, second and continuing years of the launch of our product . First year objective ( jan 2010 to dec 2010) We want to achieve sales for 40% of our existing capacity gaining at least 20% of market. It will be backed by strong advertisement and sales promotion as at least 20% of customers of the total market share may not be loyal towards a certain brand of noodles Second an continuing year objectives (JAN 2011 TO DEC 2011) We want to achieve at least 10% growth in sales on quarterly basis. Marketing plan Organizations use marketing plans for several purposes, which are connected with creation and retention of a customer. Several purposes for which marketing plans are used are : Finding out the market for the products. Tastes and preferences in terms of customer likings. Competitors their strengths and weaknesses. Outlining a plan for getting and retaining customers. Recognizing and predicting change. The main feature of a good marketing plan are: To know the customer. What he likes and what he doesnt like. What he expects out of a product. Know your competition, related products, strengths and weaknesses. Determining these factors can help you understand the strengths and weaknesses of your competitor, needs wants and desires of a customer and changes in the market. A marketing plan should be able to cover all of the above features so as to be successful in terms of achievement of objective In order to make a successful marketing plan it should follow the following steps Remember the four Ps of marketing. To obtain your goal, your plan should consider product, price, place and promotion. Describe your target market. This can be done in many ways including segmenting on the basis of: age, gender, career, income level or where customers live. Recognize your competition. This can be done through market research data, product demand, determining strengths and weaknesses of competitors. Define your product, and try describing it from a customers point of view. Successful marketers know or have some idea of what their customers want or expect from them, companies working on the needs of the customers and marketing products keeping in view customer values usually experience a rapid increase in sales. Make a marketing budget for your plan. This is one of the necessary step in market plan as companies become prepared for what they have to spend on advertisements as it includes money needed for advertising and promotions, materials and a list of media use, as a practical marketing plan needs money. Create a pricing strategy. A company should also develop a pricing strategy, by doing this, you can get a complete knowledge of how to price your product, whether it is in line with competitors price and how you can bring the prices in line. To be successful, you should have a well-planned strategy, establish your policies, and always check prices and operating costs in order to maximize profits. Make an efficient promotional strategy. An efficient promotional strategy can be helpful for the cause of the organization which can lead to increased sales like advertisements in magazines, TV, radio, etc. your strategy should use different outlets to advertise and continue using the ones that work in order to reap high benefits. Existing product range: Situation Analysis FMCG as an industry has had a vast development in terms of the type of products, increasing competition and increasing change in techonology. Due to the ever increasing customer requirements for the processed foods it has created tremendous increase in the production of processed foods. Products launched by Amul during the early 2000 were Amul Pizza, Cheese and Amul slice cheese, Amul ice-cream etc. Amul ice cream has now became the 2nd largest brand in the country and has taken major share in its existing markets in a short period of time. Amuls ice-cream manufacturing unit is located at Gandhinagar which is considered to be Asias largest and most modern integrated ice-cream manufacturing plant. Amul has became very popular due to its excellent and dynamic marketing strategies. Amuls marketing strategy is to understand the needs of the consumer and produce such products that provide superior value to the customer at a very low price. Amul has created an excellent distribution channe l to provide its products to the consumers who are living in the nooks and corners of the country, thus its products available in each part India. Amul is currently producing ready to serve soups like Masti Tomato Soup Masti Hot Sour Soup and is planning to launch noodles as this marketing plan is being prepared for the introduction of noodles into the market by Amul. Before diversification it is good for the firm to analyse competitors, and in order to analyse the competition in India it should compare its product with maggi, as it has been the most successful brand of noodles in India the company should also consider its strengths opportunities weaknesses opportunities and threats. Competitors As this marketing plan has been prepared for the launch of noodles by Amul, it is better to consider the competition the competition in this very segiment. In india the market leader for noodles is Maggi, Maggi has been familiar to every individual in India for more than 25 years. Maggi as a brand came up in 1983 , this brand has been able to create a market for itself as when it was launched it was a new product for Indians. Maggi made noodle a household product by generating its requirement in the masses in India. To lay an emphasis on its silver jubilee, Maggi is running an advertisement campaign Me Meri Maggi. The new campaign is designed to be interactive with the brand, inviting its consumers to share interesting stories Maggi which have a linking in their life. Maggi became a successful product because it understood the needs, wants and desires of the consumers. Maggi slowly attached itself to Indian consumers needs without disruption of his other food habits. Maggi took into consideration preferences of the consumes, as when consumers wanted healthy food, Maggi launched Atta Noodle. Maggi over these years have made lot of mistakes due to its experiments which it has been time and again trying to make with its products. Although there are other competitors for noodles in India like Top Ramen and Chings veg noodles but they are having a limited market share in the Indian market SWOT Analysis Strengths Increasing demand of existing products: A high demand is expected in milk and milk products in future due to the increasing income of the consumers as milk is considered as a necessary product, the demand will increase with the development of an economy, and the projections from various analysts state that India has good prospects to develop in the coming years, thus the sales of Amul are expected to increase over a period of time. Well established brand image: Amul has been able to maintain its value in the mind of consumers in such a way that it is considered as one of the most loyal brands, which will be one of the major strengths of Amul to generate sales for its newly launched related products if the company wishes to diversify in related product lines. High profit and low per unit Margins: Amul is earning a reasonable profit, even on packed liquid milk, it is enjoying the benefits of economies to scale. Whereas the margins per unit limit the entry of potential entrants as it may be a high risk situation for them to enter the market with a low percentage of profits. Flexibility of product lines: Amul has been adding a wide range of products to its product line and has had a high success rate in its diversification, therefore it is providing an option of producing other related products in its diversified product lines. Availability of raw material and labour supply: There is abundant supply of raw material for Amul products in India, besides there is availability of cheap and skilled labour force in India which can lead to high productivity with minimal costs. Amul has a professionally trained human resource pool that possess good experience and varied technical skills. Increasing purchase power and changing tastes of the consumers: The robust economic growth has pushed the disposable incomes of the consumers, 45 per cent of which are spent on food items. In addition to this population growth is also playing a major role in triggering the demand with baby food items showing the great potential to grow at a faster pace The growing urbanisation, nuclear families, increasing number of working women, etc., are slowly influencing the consumption habits and patterns, shifting the consumer preferences in favour of ready-to-eat preparations, thus in turn accelerating the demand for these products and expanding the scope of the industry. Increasing number of NRI-supported families and NRIs themselves visiting the country apart from the increasing number of foreigners residing in the country, are also responsible for changing composition of the consumption basket to some extent, in turn boosting up the demand of food processing companies like Amul. Weaknesses Perishable nature of its products: the products of Amul are perishable in nature and there is a proper requirement of cold storage, the company on its part is playing a vital role for maintaining the freshness of their products but they can get disturbed through the supply of milk from vendors and the sellers of their products in the market although Pasteurization has overcome this weakness partially. Amul Dairy is also taking steps to store milk at the vendors end to improve life of its products. Uncertainty of availability of adequate raw material: There is little control over yield of milk and its price, as a lot depends upon the monsoon in our country. This is due to the reason that quality of cattle feed that would be produced will not be having the required nutrition that can lead to the high productivity of milk. Logistics and insufficient means of transport for perishable food items: Bad roads and inadequate transportation facility make transport of milk a problem. All these factors lead to perishing of the procured milk which can create problems for Amul, but with the overall development of Indian economy, these issues would also get resolved. Lack of adequate Infrastructure: The infrastructure available is not up to the current standards non-availability of adequate infrastructural facilities, like cold chain systems, refrigerated transport and cabinets, etc. Besides there is use of technology in various global dairies which start from the collection of milk up to its distribution to the end consumer which is one of the weakness of Amul Opportunities Processing raw materials for adding value: There is a vast scope for processing milk and making a variety of products from the same. Amul can come up with a diversified range of products as there is the availability of all primary resources like raw material, labour, finances etc, also with a well established brand image, Amul can produce related products and reap the profits from the same. Globalization And increasing Export potential: Amul is exporting its various products to various countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, and the Middle East. Opportunities for the export of agri-products are increasing in general and the increase in export of dairy products is also expected. Globalization has integrated the world market and has increased opportunities of various companies like Amul. Diversification into related products: Amul can diversify into related products which may be already in the market, it may take a large chunk of the market share from the existing producers due to its brand image, which can help in generating the sales for its newly launched products. Threats Milk vendors can degrade the quality of raw milk: Milk vendors can pose a threat to the company as they are only concerned with the profit they are going to earn from milk. The quality of the milk is found to be poor as compared to the international standards. Companies like Amul have now to check the milk properly before it is sold to the end consumer. Threat form the global companies: Due to globalization a large number of multinational companies may get attracted towards manufacturing their products in India due to abundant availability of raw materials and cheap labour force, which may increase the competition for Amul. It may create shortage of milk in our country and can adversely affect the companies like Amul and the increase in the price due to shortage of milk may effect the end consumer. Use of technology by foreign companies and quality consciousness of foreign consumer: of Foreign companies are having improved technology like the collection of milk from cattle can be done with the help of machines this leads to efficiency in terms of less wastage of time and, further it is automatically disposed to various channels for processing or packaging of milk, ultimately this helps in higher productivity involving less variable costs of labour and ultimately low cost of production. However this type if system is not yet prevailing in India. Many European customers emphasize on the collection of milk through machines due to their quality consciousness. Because of these reasons they are reducing the market potential of Indian milk products. The study of this SWOT analysis displays that the strengths and opportunities of Amul outweigh its weaknesses and threats. Amul has a big market share in India where as in European nations it can create its market demand by making the products which satisfy their standards. Thus any investment idea can generate profits for you if a company is having three essential ingredients of: The ability to take risks as an entrepreneur. An innovative approach in product lines and marketing. Maintenance of quality and considering ethics and society. Target market identification and strategy In a market different consumers have varying needs and wants, every person may not like the same food due to their varying tastes and preferences, therefore marketers start dividing the markets into various segments. They identify the features of various consumers who may require the same products and services by checking their utility for the product, like if a marketers starts marketing of newspaper to illiterate, cigarette to non smokers etc, the sellers products will not satisfy any need of consumer and hence the consumer will not purchase the product. Thus a marketer should properly segment the market on the basis of needs and requirements of the consumer in order to determine his target market. In case of noodles we will segment the markets on the basis of age which would determine the target market for our company. We have further fragmented our target market on the basis of tastes of people, some of the prospective customers may like sweet dishes where as some among the people in our target market may like salty dishes whereas there are others who prefer classic noodles with masala. Therefore in order to cater to all the fragmented markets we are coming up with products for all of them in order to have maximum share of the market. In India potential consumers who consume noodles are the people who are of the age group of 3-20 years, and we would target the consumers from the same segment by framing our promotions and advertisement campaigns to attract people from the market segment based on the mentioned age group, by doing this we would be able to focus on the large chunk of people who consume noodles in large quantities and can be our prospective customers. This can onl y be achieved by creating awareness about the product through promotions and advertisements which composes the marketing mix of our company. Marketing mix Product We are manufactured 100% vegetarian noodles in order to target the wide market in India as a lot of people in India have only veg. food we have further prepared a lot of flavours of our noodles in order to give variety to customer. We have further fragmented our target market on the basis of tastes of people, some of the prospective customers may like sweet dishes where as some among the people in our target market may like salty dishes whereas there are others who prefer classic noodles with masala. Therefore in order to cater to all the fragmented markets we are coming up with products for all of them in order to have maximum share of the market. Our product is easy to cook and is at a price which is providing consumer surplus to our customers, thereby we provide value for the worth spent by our customer. If u are not able to cook anything and you are alone, our product can be prepared as they are easy to cook and takes just 2 minutes. The features which differentiate our products from that of our competitors are: Quality raw materials used It tastes great and is good for health Value for money Easy to cook Ready in 2 minutes Add anything you want (make your own recipe) 100% vegetarian Family packs at low prices Product launch information There are three variants in our product: sweet, salty and classic Out of the variants sweet and classic would be introduced in Market in the first stage, that is in the first year or on introduction,. Salty would be introduced during the following year Brand name of our product Branding is all about creating differences between products by letting the consumer differentiate the similar products himself. In order to make a branding strategy successful and to create a brand value, consumers must be convinced there are meaningful differences among brands in the product or service category. The name of our noodles have been set in order to give the buyer a clear idea of the manufacturer, as we are having a good reputation in the market, our newly introduced products that are having a similar name of that of the company may generate huge sales in the initial stage of its launch. We have given brand name of our noodles as Amul classic noodles, Amul sweet noodles and after one year of our successful launch of our product we are going to launch Amul salty noodles, thus the branding strategy which would be used gives corporate name combined with individual product name of the company. Place/ Distribution: Amul noodles will be set out for sale in India for the first year of its launch. During the first year of its launch we will plan for the various nations where the availability of our product will generate some demand by considering the values and needs in those countries. Further we are planning to launch our noodles in Asian nations in the second or third year of the launch of our product which will be determined by the market demand of our product in India. Regarding the distribution channel of our product we already have an existing distribution channel where we sell our products to a distributor and then he further sells the products to a whole seller and then to retailer we have specified the margins separately for each of them, our existing channel of distribution is well established and cover almost all the parts of India. Therefore we would consider our existing distribution channel for our noodles so as to make our product available in the market in a very short period of time. We can see from figure that Amuls distribution channel is simple and clear. The products move through three parties before it reaches to the final consumer. First of all the products are stored at the Agents or distributors and who are mere facilitators in the network. Then the products are sold to wholesale dealers, then they sell the same to retailers and then the product finally reaches the consumers. Distribution Channel Promotion Objectives of Promotion Strategies Before determining the promotion strategies, we need to be very clear about what are the objectives we need to achieve through promotion. Therefore we would first determine the objective behind the promotion of our product, this helps in devising a promotional strategy which is in line with its objectives. The main objective for the promotion of our product is to generate sales, though the objective of promotion is also to some extent determined by our target market, therefore we would devise promotional campaigns that have an impact on the target market. Then we identify the channels for promotion which include various media for advertisement. Which include: Online Advertisement Television Advertisement Radio Advertisement Newspaper Advertisement Pamphlets Sign boards Posters catalogues Marketing Campaigns Price According to economic theories the price of a product determines its demand in the market, thus a firm should be able to visualise its demand for a product before setting its price so as to set a price where it is at least able to reach its break-even point. The different prices for our variants in noodles are set, although they have the same manufacturing costs involved. We have set a price for our classic noodles equivalent to the price of noodles of current market leader in noodles i-e Maggi. We have set such a price to take a share in market of those customers who are loyal towards our brand Amul, and the pricing strategy in the future years will be determined by our relative share in the market. Whereas for our Amul sweet noodles, we have set a high price in the initial stage as there is no availability of sweet noodles in the market and our product will be the first of its kind, so the people will be ready to pay higher price, consequently this can induce competition in the market, therefore we will have to revise the pricing strategy of our sweet noodles accordingly. Determination of price The Cost price is estimated at Rs 5 per 100gm per packet which includes cost of raw material, labour, duties excise , sales tax, transportation costs and cost of packaging and other indirect expenses including advertisements. The retail selling price (Mrp.) for the same will be set at Rs 9 for our classic noodles .The product will be sold to distributor at Rs 6 who will, after having the margin of 80 Paise sell it to whole seller at Rs 6.80. the whole seller will inturn sell the same to retailer at 7.50, and at last it can be purchased by the end consumer from retailer at Rs 9. Whereas our sweet noodles will have Mrp. of Rs 15 per packet, This product will be sold to distributor at Rs10 who will, after having his margin sell it to the whole seller at Rs 11.20, the whole seller will in turn sell the same to retailer at 13, and at last it can be purchased by the end consumer from retailer at Rs 15. Implementation, evaluation and control Bibliography http://www.mydigitalfc.com/companies/capital-foods-launch-ready-cook-meals-384 http://finance.indiainfo.com/2009/04/07/0904071821_nestle_to_add_maggi_variants.html www.amul.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amul http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_plan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi_noodles http://blogs.siliconindia.com/atuldeshpande/Celebrating_25_Years_of_Presense_Maggi_Noodles-bid-V9YZX6We51613711.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/6519321/Maggi-2-minute-noodle

Barn Burning - Sartys Struggle Essay -- essays papers

Barn Burning Sartys Struggle Barn Burning: Sarty's Struggle The theme of William Faulkner's Barn Burning is Colonel Sartoris Snope's desire to break away from the oppressive conditions of his family life. He is pulled between his family and his morality. In this essay, I will discuss Sarty's struggle between the two sides of his conflict and the point at which it becomes resolved. First, we will look at Sarty's pull towards his family. At the first trial, we find Sarty looking at his father's opponent sitting behind the table. Sarty identifies him as "his father's enemy", but he quickly changes his thought to "our enemy". Then after the trial, Sarty fights a boy twice his size because the boy yells out, "Barn Burner." These two instances are attempts by Sarty to fit himself into his family. He feels he might be able to do this by taking up his father's offense. Later in the story, after Abner has ruined the rug, Sarty says to his father, "You done the best you could! If he wanted hit done different why didn't he wait and tell you how! He won't git no twenty bushels! He won't git none! We'll gether hit and hide hit!" This is another attempt by Sarty to find his place. Although he knows his father is guilty of ruining the rug, he is willing to help his father hide the crop to avoid paying damages. His father, Abner, even tries to influence Sarty's decisio n. After camping the first night, Abner takes Sarty aside and tells him, "You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain't going to have any blood to stick to you." These attempts to defend his family and his father in particular are his way of exploring this realm of his conflict. He is trying to find out if there is a place for him. H... ... is at this point that Abner realizes that he has made his decision. Abner tries to contain him by having his mother hold him but Sarty gets free and runs to warn the de Spains. It is at this point that we know the end to the conflict has arrived. Instead of running back to the house to help with the fire, Sarty runs into the wood and continues to run. He is leaving and he is not looking back. He decides to stand on the side of morality and turns his back on his family. Sartoris Snope resolved his dilemma by exploring both sides of the coin. He then found something that represents his ideal situation, the de Spain plantation. Then he made his decision and he did not look back. The conflict that Faulkner brings to life in the Barn Burning is not uncommon. We each face a similar struggle at some point to find our morality. It is simply part of the human condition.

Importance of Marketing of a Bank

Executive Summary Bank as the financial services business is prospect full historical sequence. Banks are straight agents to make opportunities for expansion in a country and also make available huge scale of employment opportunities. Banks must compensation publics’ currency when they require, also it makes or not. So, the compensation package of a bank should be analyzed carefully. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited has its victorious the past, wonderful present, potential prospect and under giving out projects and behavior.Established as the first private sector bank completely owned by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited has been prosperous as the biggest private sector Bank with the way of time after opposite many pressure and damage. The members of the board of directors are innovative entrepreneur and foremost industrialist of the country. To stay overcome with time and in agreement with national and international financial behavior and for representatio n all current services.Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited as a financial organization, computerized all its branches with computer networks in agreement with the aggressive commercial insist of time. Moreover, bearing in mind its forth-coming future, the communications of the Bank has been rearranged. The belief of all category businessmen, entrepreneurs and general community is a great deal additional to Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited.Keeping the target in mind, Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited has taken arrangements to open 15 new branches and 5 SME centers by the year 2010. In this report, I have tried my best to identify â€Å"Determine the Level of Satisfaction of Customers at Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited, Mohakhali Branch†. And lastly, find out the proper solution and for the customer’s dissatisfaction regarding the service has been provided.

Causal Argument Essay

In a split congress, our government tends to bicker among minor issues, which leads to turmoil among the nation. With a deadline for the 2014 fiscal year budget, our congress couldn’t agree on the amount of money being funded to Obamacare and the Medical Device Tax. Republicans fought for cutting of Obamacare funding, while the Democrats opposed and eventually won out. As October 1st approached, Republicans made a proposed budget that cut the funds for Obamacare that would cripple it as a government program. When the Democrats rejected the proposed budget, our government went into a partial shutdown, which lasted until the 17th of October. The Continuing Appropriations Act 2014 has allowed us to keep our current spending levels until January 15th and the debt ceiling will be extended to February 7th. Republicans made a feeble attempt of scaring the Democrats into doing what they wanted, which in turn, back fired and caused a negative press toward the Republicans (McCullough). Tourists and travelers worldwide have also become angry over the shutdown and US citizens are seeing the affect our shut down is having on countries all over the world, such as France, Germany, and England. This government shutdown is going to lead to many economic issues such as lost jobs, a weakened economy, and Obamacare funding, which could weaken large businesses. When the government shutdown, 800,000 non-exempt government employees were furloughed and loss there income for over two weeks. Once these non-exempt employees returned to work, they were paid for their lost wages, which is another hit on government spending. The White House projected that a one week government shutdown would cost the U.S. economy 10 billion dollars (Stein). As of October 22nd, the economy has lost 24 billion dollars and more than 3 billion dollars in lost government services. Large businesses also took a huge hit with the shutdown because they had to furlough employees and U.S transportation systems weren’t running so certain goods were not delivered on time. When the temporary  budget was passed, it funded Obamacare, which requires large businesses to provide health insurance in 2015 and that is another financial impact that could decrease the pay for the low-income workers in larger businesses (Walshe). With 24 billion less dollars in the economy, it will now be difficult for international stocks as well as revenue for large businesses to make the expected profit gains. Pamela Sampson of Yahoo News, released an article with the title: â€Å"Global Stocks jittery after US Government shutdown†, where she discusses how the British, French, German, and U.S stocks plummeted after the shutdown. Asian stocks rose partially after a public holiday, but international trade nearly halted (Sampson). United States’ foreign policy will also be widely effected by the government shutdown because outside countries may lose trust in our abilities to pay back our debts. Necessary deals with Syria about possible bombings and the European Union about the Transatlantic Free Trade Area were suddenly stopped. The Transpacific Strategic Economic Partnership was not able to be discussed at the Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting because President Obama couldn’t attend, which would have helped end Chinese influence on our country (Sampson). The public opinion of US citizens and travelers from overseas are always important because it earns credibility to the administration which is running the country at any given time. Polls from CNN and Fox News (one democratic-biased and one republican-biased website) showed that Republicans were to blame for the government shutdown, which may affect voters in the 2016 election. A Gallup Poll also showed an 11% approval rate of the congressional branch of the government, which was at an all-time low (MSN). Tourists from all over the world were up in arms about the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, being shut down due to the government shutdown. Luckily, the state of New York made a deal with the national government in which they would absorb the bill to open the Statue of Liberty. Every National State Park was also closed after the shutdown, which decreased the tourist industry. In return, a decrease in tourist around our national parks, leads to a decrease in profit for businesses close in proximity to national parks. Jim Geraghty, a  columnist for the National Review Online, stated: â€Å"Harry Reid doesn’t want to minimize the pain of the shutdown. He wants to maximize it.† As you can see, the media is not behind congress and they have lost any support they once had due to this government shutdown (Taylor). Shutting down our government doesn’t just hurt the economy, trading, foreign deals, and public opinion, it also creates a bigger rift between the Democratic dominated Senate, the Republican dominated House, and the Presidential Administration. The Continuing Appropriations Act 2014, or the deal which ended the shutdown, will buy congress until February 7th, but the rift between the house and senate may cause us to shut down again after this date. John Chambers said, â€Å"We think that we’ll be back here in January debating the same issues† and it seems as if Obama agrees. Obama told reporters, â€Å"Hopefully, next time, it will not be in the 11th hour†, which seems to show his lack of support for our congress (Taylor). Government jobs were furloughed, worldwide stocks and economies dropped, foreign policy and trade halted, and a loss of tourism and US support; all due to Republicans not being able to deal with Obamacare, which they passed in 2010. Althou gh we extended the time allowed for the debt ceiling and the spending levels, we have once again ran around the real issue and found a cop out (McCullough). With a loss in global revenue, our stock, as well as, international stocks dropped tremendously and are still recovering. Trade amongst international countries and the United States has been minimized because foreign countries aren’t sure if they will get paid back the money that the United States has borrowed. Not only did National Parks close, but some of the biggest world monuments were shut down and tourists from all over the world were enraged by the amount of money they paid to see the monuments in the United States (Walshe). Public opinion on the United States, the Republican Party, and Congress have diminished because citizens and outside foreign leaders are losing trust (Sampson). Economic struggle, crippled foreign policy, and a loss of support will only lead to the further struggle of our country and eventually lead into another government shutdown in 2014. With a 2016 election approaching in 3 years, this government shut down proved to a lot of people how destroyed our congress has become; and polls showing how Republicans should be blamed have now made it even easier  than it already was for a Democratic Administration to be brought into power in this upcoming election. Foreign trade issues, nuclear weapons in foreign countries, and international stocks decreasing, may lead t o either another war or losing support and allies in other parts of the world (Taylor). Now, we must wait to see if our congress can pull together their differences and create a deal that will stop the fighting amongst parties and lead us in a forward direction as a complete country. Bibliography McCullough, Ian. Forbes. 03 10 2013. 18 10 2013. MSN. 22 10 2013. 22 10 2013. Sampson, Pamela. Yahoo News. 02 10 2013. 20 10 2013. Stein, Sam. Huffington Post. 07 10 2013. 19 10 2013. Taylor, Andrew. The Northwestern. 10 2013. 20 10 2013. Walshe, Shushannah. ABC News. 17 10 2013. 20 10 2013.