Nursing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Nursing Theory - Essay Example tions are: 1) the fundamental concern and core category will emerge with consistent use of the theory, 2) the social organization of a group exists and is available to be discovered and 3) the concerns of the participants’ rather than those of the researcher are the focus of the research (Artinian, Giske, & Cone, 2009). I agree with Brittany Freeland that in nursing practice there are four levels of nursing theories which are grand theory, middle range theory, Meta theory and practice theory. Abstractness and specificity of ideas and propositions distinguish the levels (Roy & Roy Adaptation Association, 2014). The specialized knowledge in the nursing profession is based on research and theory. Nursing theories provide and implement nursing theory-guided practice models. Nursing professional is important for testing, developing and refining nursing theory. The development of nursing theories has been strengthened by dialogue and reflection of genuine nursing situations. Nurses in the professional are guided by their beliefs, values and knowledge. The beliefs, knowledge and values are reflected in the information about the nursing meta-paradigm, theories and philosophies (Parker & Smith, 2010). Employing nursing theories helps nurses to improve the care they offer to patients and guidance on how to d evelop nurse-patient relationship. Roy theory is a grand theory that can be used in nursing research. This theory states the goal of nursing is to help the patient adapt to illness so as to react to other stimuli. The theory describes that an individual adapts to the environment through four procedures: self-concept, psychological processes and needs, interdependence and role mastery (Roussel, 2013). The application of Roy’s theory in research is highlighted in the article Role tuning between caregiver and care receiver during discharge transition: An illustration of role function mode in Roy’s Adaptation Theory (Shyu,

Teenage drivers Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Teenage drivers - Research Proposal Example (Hartos et al., 2005). This is found to be true in most countries. Moreover, crashes are considered the primary cause of injury and fatality in teens within the 16-19 age brackets. (Morton & Ouimet, 2006). Morton and Ouimet concur with the central finding of numerous researches related to the level of injury and fatality which is highest in teens of the said age bracket. This lays the basic argument that teens are most vulnerable to getting hurt when driving. Because of this, the subject of injury and fatality prevention of researches in vehicular safety has been directed to teens. More than being the primary cause of injury and death in teens, the high risk of driving related incidents to teens also is tantamount to social costs. It has been found that people aged 15 to 24, while representative of only 14% of the entire United States population, are credited for $ 19 billion or 30 percent of the total costs of male vehicular injuries, while females account for $7 billion or 28 percent of the total costs in their gender group. (Finkelstein et al., 2006). In relation to the high risk with teens, the resulting elevated social costs are not surprising. With the government and various agencies realizing this, efforts to address and minimize these costs have been the core of every policy that has been conceptualized and implemented to address this problem. Â   In the outset, it is but apparent that the logical dual factors attributable to teen drivers bearing the highest risk of vehicular accidents are lack of experience and immaturity. Driving skills and judgment on-the-road need time to be developed and mastered. Young drivers suffer from these insufficiencies hence they are more prone to suffer driving related injuries and deaths. Realizing and recognizing this huge risk, a number of efforts have been established and implemented to minimize and address this concern. Countermeasures are focused on the following areas: promotion of driver education,

Peer Pressure on Teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peer Pressure on Teenagers - Essay Example Indeed, peer pressure is closely linked to human behavior that tries to rationalize the factors that have significant impact on the human psyche which promotes the process of rational or irrational thinking. The impact of peer pressure is critical to the overall development of an adolescent and the paper would be discussing its pros and con. Peer pressure can broadly be defined as the influence of friends, acquaintances, elders and other on the behavioral pattern of the people, especially adolescent children and teenagers. Peer pressure is a specific instance of social influence, which typically produces conformity to a particular way of acting or thinking (Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1984). It tends to change the attitude, behavior and moral actions of the person as per the diktats of the peer group. Peer pressure is a common factor amongst the people in general and everyone, at some time or other is influenced to some extent by the people or group to which he or she may belong. Indeed, construction of social identities is often influenced by hordes of issues, which are defined by individual ideology, group representation, professional competencies, intercultural compulsions etc. They facilitate better understanding and access to networking with organizations and groups in order to avail the emerging opportunities for t heir vested interests and boosting of self esteem. Peer pressure in the recent times has catapulted into serious concern for the parents as it adversely impacts the personality traits and behavior of children. It often adversely influences the psyche of the adolescents when they fail to see the long term consequences of their actions and behavior. It may also become detrimental to the overall development of the children and make them irresponsible. Their foray into drug abuse, smoking, sex, violence etc. are few of the areas which are highly damaging and therefore, require careful guidance and intervention during growing up period of

Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Memo - Assignment Example â€Å"The pursuit of health care quality has led to substantial performance measurement initiatives† (Larson & Muller, 2002, p. 261). Quality initiatives also help in reducing operational costs of healthcare organizations (Micheletti, & Mannis, 2004). For Newton Managed Care, some of the main benefits that quality management program can bring with it include increased public satisfaction, improved image of the company, improved employee performance, and improved organizational performance. Having discussed the significance of quality management program for Newton Managed Care, let us now discuss ten characteristics of a quality program, which include customer focus, continuous improvement, employee involvement, continuous supervision, process oriented, establishing the metrics, monitoring the metrics, improving public perception, an all-inclusive package, and ease of applicability. Let us discuss each of these characteristics one by one. Customer focus is one of the main characteristics of a quality program. A quality-oriented healthcare organization focuses the needs of the patients all through the process of delivery of healthcare because they are the main drivers who can ensure success of the organization. If a company does not provide the highest level of quality treatment to the patients, it can never gain public trust. Therefore, health companies give extreme importance to the provision of quality treatment to patients in order to ensure quick success and growth. Next major characteristic of a quality program is that it is always geared towards continuous improvement. A company adhering to the principles of quality management brings continuous improvement in its services in order to ensure an increase in the public satisfaction level. A healthcare company can achieve continuous improvement only by integrating quality in all phases of any disease treatment program because a fraction of negligence can lead to severe health problems

Cold War and US Intervention in Latin America Essay

Cold War and US Intervention in Latin America - Essay Example The latter created an Eastern Bloc of countries, annexing them and designating them as Satellite countries. It was in fact these countries which later formulated the Warsaw Pact. United States, on the other hand adopted a policy of "containment" of communism, forming alliances with several countries, and eventually signing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (LaFeber) Communism was gaining rapid popularity immediately after the World War II. To check the spread of Communism, the then US President Harry S Truman, laid down a set of principles pertaining to the US foreign policy, which indirectly authorized the policy of containment of communism. Under the policies of this doctrine, the US intervened in the Civil War of Greece, in an attempt to prevent Greece's falling to the Soviet Union. This intervention was followed by many similar ones to overthrow communist forces. The first of these interventions came in 1954 in the form of Guatemalan coup d'tat, when the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) organised a military intervention to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz Guzmn, the democratically-elected President of Guatemala. The United States speculated Soviet influence and declared that the policies of the Arbenz government were Communist in nature. This operation lasted for nearly 10 years, during which an army of over 400 fighters was trained to fight against the national forces of Guatemalan. This, coupled with the economic and political sanctions levied by the US, achieved its end when Arbenz officially resigned. The most historical of these interventions was the US response to the Cuban Revolution, which bought the world on the verge of a nuclear war. Tensions grew between the two countries when Cuba became a member of the Non Alignment Movement. The US imposed trade restrictions on Cuba, soon after it implemented some nationalizations. When all trade exchange between US and Cuba ceased in October 1960, Cuba turned to Soviet Union for assistance. This triggered an intense backlash from the US, which launched a full fledged policy of destabilising the Cuban government. This policy incorporated political, economic and military action, including the famous Bay of Pigs Invasion to overpower Fidel Castro's administration. This was followed by a military coup in Brazil in 1964 to overthrow Joo Goulart in 1964, and a similar regime in Dominican Republic in 1965. Besides these, the US also tried to contain Communist influence in Argentina, Ecuador, Honduras, and Peru. Influence of the Civil Rights Movement on the New Left The American Civil Rights Movement, which roughly extended from the 1945 to 1970is one of the most celebrated movements in the history of mankind. It primarily dealt with the African Americans' demand for equality, but along its course, it encompassed several other issues dealing with the basic civil rights. As a matter of fact, it merged with different social movements like the Second Wave of Feminism, the Anti Vietnam war protests, the growing Hippie culture etc. thus, it influenced and in turn was itself influenced by many other movements. The New Left emerged in the United States in the 1960's. It comprised of a group of young liberal, sometimes even radical college students of the US, who adopted a new form of political ideology called the social activism.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics Essay

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics - Essay Example Critical incident stress debriefing is an intervention that is purposed to promote the effective processing of distressing events through normalization of reactions and preparation for anticipated future experiences (Feder, 2008). There is a treatment that is designed to take care of the emergency service personnel who could attend the critical incident session voluntarily or when instructed by a superior. The main aim of the review that was conducted was to identify literature that is related to interventions aimed at preventing and treating the disorder. Though emergency work is rewarding, the emergency personnel are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress in long term and short term. This is because they are supposed to deal with potentially traumatizing circumstances. Some of the distressing situations include: mass incidents, major fires, burns patients, murder scenes, violent scenes, accident involving children, cot death and many others (Frieman, 2003). It is clear that emergency medical technicians are at higher risk of stress compared to other medical professionals and fire-fighters; they normally get involved in disasters and may be at high risk of severe stress disorder, which can lead to post-traumatic stress. ... Various research methods were used in this review and it is clear that, various databases were performed and research strategy made as wide as possible. These research methods included hand searching for journals, internet searching, keywords to search online database among others. The research that was done showed that the mass disasters are the major contributors of stress and that emergency workers are always the victims of this disorder (Feder, 2008). Medical study was carried to evaluate the risks of stress and to summarise the methodological limitations of the conducted research. The limitations found include: varying degree of trauma, small sample size and lack of uniformity, low response rate, sampling bias, non-prospective studies, no control group and timing variance. The researchers concluded that, it was not possible to fully determine the effectiveness of critical incident stress and it was cautious to conduct a proper evaluation. A recent review recommended that research should be on psychological debriefing of emergency attendance as a main concern for the study. According to Brewin (2005), methodological matters concern with determination of the level of psychological impairment after a disastrous incident. The methodological issues include: comparability issues and dimensions of disaster. The discussion of these issues was done, including the need to precisely define the study cases and population. Some researchers were concerned with the interpretation of questionnaire and the interview results; these can give different psychopathological estimates. Moreover, the type of data that was collected varies broadly and this leads to problems of generalisation of results. The aspect of

Reform Model for Prisoners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reform Model for Prisoners - Essay Example The judgment of effecting punishment as an alternative approach to reform prison inmates does not entirely help them become non-violent members of the society. Gilligan emphasizes on an overwhelming weight of empirical evidence that punishment in prison is the most potent stimulus or cause of violence contrary to the widespread belief to its adherence. With the current condition of our state prisons where inmates are crammed into tiny prison cells and brutal solitary confinements allows more room for violence in order to protect oneself from the onslaught of further invasion of privacy. Typical hatred of inmates is shown on our retributive type of justice when Bedau cited that "it is applied randomly at best and discriminatorily at worst upon those whose offenders who are people of color, poor and uneducated". Brutal punishments and solitary confinements imparts to the inmates that human life does not deserve an iota of respect thus punishment is legitimate. He further added "that threat of severe punishment cannot deter criminals especially ones who are in the drug trade". Gilligan for his part promotes "the successful re-entry of prisoner into society as productive people as a positive tool for their transformation". Support coming from the community itself by shunning the social stigma and stereotype attached to former prisoners erases the chance of evoking anger and trauma. Education according to him is the key to prevent or at least reduce the incidence of crimes by providing tools needed to acquire knowledge and skills, self-esteem and respect for others. Almaraz supports the reform model as an effective implementation tool that is best supported by the government and communities. He believes in a reform model which consists of programs such as college degree courses, therapy and job training opportunities for inmates while in jail. Although such pro-life activities require a costly maintenance the possibility of learning through one's own mistakes may create a morally subservient person. We cannot dismiss the fact that violence is perpetrated by violators and violators begets violence; hatred begets hate and thus allowing hatred while in the process of reform mentally implies that the negative attitude is a form of life. Mexico, heavily relies on the reform model and promotes the efficient scientific principle of the "positive" school by expanding treatment to low risk offenders and attempts at separating the violent prisoners form the non-violent ones. Viable education and behavioral modification and treatment programs are made available to prisoners who are willing to commit to reform. Drug and alcohol abuse rehabilitation serves to lessen the chances for recidivism. Summary and Conclusion In support of the reform model of effecting a desirable change for the inmates especially among first time offenders, the Jacksonian theory of absolute and brutal distinction should be discarded. Prisoners have not repudiated their membership in the community thus temporary exclusion does not require branding with harsh treatment to accomplish moral and political correctness. The prosecution and persecution of